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Understanding Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome

Seth Keller, MD, American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry (AADMD), discusses early-onset Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with Down syndrome. Decades ago, individuals with Down syndrome had high infant mortality rates due to a lack of medical attention – but now, this population is living much longer. Consequently, as with all adults, it increases the chances of developing Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, it is known that people with Down syndrome are at a very high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease due to the extra chromosome 21, where the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, one of the known genetic links to younger onset dementia, is found. Indeed, it is thought that 60% of individuals with Down syndrome by age 60 are already developing Alzheimer’s disease. There is a need to bring awareness and attention to this for both the general population and neurologists alike since support for these individuals may differ. Considering there is a very high chance of all individuals with Down syndrome ultimately developing Alzheimer’s disease, there is a great need for greater inclusion of this population in studies and education. This interview took place at the American Academy of Neurology 2022 Congress in Seattle, WA.