SPIN 1/2 PARTICLES AND PAULI SPIN MATRICES скачать в хорошем качестве

SPIN 1/2 PARTICLES AND PAULI SPIN MATRICES

In quantum mechanics, spin-1/2 particles are fundamental building blocks of matter, characterized by an intrinsic angular momentum called spin. The spin is an inherent property, like mass or charge. Spin 1/2 particles have a spin quantum number of 1/2. This means their spin angular momentum, when measured along any direction, can only take on two discrete values: +ℏ/2 or - ℏ/2 (where ℏ is the reduced Planck constant). These are often referred to as "spin up" and "spin down". The Pauli matrices are a set of three 2x2 matrices (σx, σy, σz) used to represent the spin operators for a spin-1/2 particle in quantum mechanics. The Pauli matrices, along with the identity matrix, form a complete basis for 2x2 matrices, allowing any 2x2 matrix to be expressed as a linear combination of these four matrices