Arabic Grammar || Huruf al-Tahzeez (حروف تحضیض) | Harf al-Tawaqquʿ: “Qad” (حرف توقع) скачать в хорошем качестве

Arabic Grammar || Huruf al-Tahzeez (حروف تحضیض) | Harf al-Tawaqquʿ: “Qad” (حرف توقع)

Arabic Grammar || Huruf al-Tahzeez (حروف تحضیض) | Harf al-Tawaqquʿ: “Qad” (حرف توقع) #arabicgrammer #grammar #quran 🟢 Huruf al-Tahzeez (Letters of Encouragement / Incitement) Definition: Huruf al-Tahzeez are particles used to urge, encourage, or incite someone to perform an action — they express strong motivation, persuasion, or reproach depending on the context. They often appear in sentences that prompt the listener to do something or reproach them for not doing it. 🧩 Common Huruf al-Tahzeez: هلاّ (hallā) لولا (lawlā) لوما (lawmā) ألاّ (ʾalā) 🗣️ Examples: هلاّ درستَ لامتحانك؟ → Why don’t you study for your exam? (encouragement) لولا ساعدتَ أباك؟ → Why didn’t you help your father? (reproach or urging) ألاّ تزورُنا؟ → Won’t you visit us? (invitation or encouragement) 📘 Notes: When used with a past-tense verb, the particle expresses blame or reproach for not doing the action. → هلاّ زرتنا أمس؟ (Why didn’t you visit us yesterday?) When used with a present-tense verb, it expresses encouragement or urging. → هلاّ تزورنا اليوم؟ (Why don’t you visit us today?) 🔹 In summary: Huruf al-Tahzeez are Arabic particles that serve to encourage, incite, or reproach the listener regarding an action, depending on the tense and tone of the sentence. 🟢 حرف التوقّع (قد) — Harf al-Tawaqquʿ: “Qad” 1. Definition: قَدْ (qad) is a particle (حرف) in Arabic that has multiple grammatical functions depending on the type of verb it precedes. One of its uses is as a حرف توقّع (particle of expectation) — it indicates that the speaker expects or anticipates an action to occur soon or to have already occurred. 2. General meanings of "قد": "قد" has three main uses in Arabic grammar: Type Verb it enters on Meaning / Function Example التحقيق (certainty) Past tense (فعل ماضٍ) Confirms that something definitely happened قد جاءَ محمدٌ → Indeed, Muhammad has come. التقليل أو التكثير (frequency / limitation) Past tense Expresses that something happened rarely or often, depending on context قد ينجحُ الكسولُ أحيانًا → Sometimes a lazy person may succeed. التوقّع (expectation) Present tense (فعل مضارع) Expresses that something is expected or likely to happen قد يَحضُرُ المعلمُ الآن → The teacher may arrive now (it’s expected). 3. Explanation of “قد” as Harf al-Tawaqquʿ: When قَدْ enters on a present-tense verb (الفعل المضارع), it conveys a sense of possibility or expectation — that the action might or is about to happen. It’s often translated as “may”, “might”, or “perhaps” in English. 📘 Example Sentences: قد يَنجَحُ الطالبُ المجتهدُ. → The hardworking student may succeed. (Expectation — it’s likely or possible.) قد يَمطُرُ اليوم. → It may rain today. (Expectation — anticipating the event.) قد يَحضُرُ المديرُ في أيةِ لحظة. → The manager may arrive at any moment. (Expectation — the action is likely soon.) 4. Summary: Aspect Description Particle: قَدْ Type: حرف توقّع (particle of expectation) Used with: Present-tense verbs (الفعل المضارع) Meaning: Indicates expectation, possibility, or likelihood of an action Example: قَدْ يَظهَرُ الحَقُّ → The truth may appear. 5. Comparison: قد + فعل ماضٍ → certainty (Indeed, it happened). قد + فعل مضارع → expectation or possibility (It may happen). In short: قَدْ is called حرف توقّع when it precedes a present-tense verb, because it conveys the expectation that something will occur or might occur soon.