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volume expander

A type of intravenous therapy that has the function of providing volume for the circulatory system. It may be used for fluid replacement or during surgery to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery. (Types) • crystalloids: Aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. • colloids: Contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin. Blood itself is a colloid. crystalloids: • normal saline: A solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration. • Ringer's lactate (Hartmann's solution, sodium lactate solution): A mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. For large-volume fluid replacement. • Ringer's acetate: An acetate-buffered crystalloid solution. For large-volume fluid replacement. • Intravenous sugar solution (dextrose solution): A mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. colloids: • plasma substances: Natural, containing albumin, plasma protein fraction. • hydroxyethyl starch (hetastarch, HES/HAES): A nonionic starch derivative, made from natural sources of starch. • Haemaccel: A solution with urea-linked gelatin and electrolytes (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride). Used as an alternative to human albumin solution (HAS) and starch in supportive treatment of ascites following the procedure of paracentesis. • Gelofusine: A 4% w/v solution of succinylated gelatine, that behaves much like blood filled with albumins. Used as a blood plasma replacement if a significant amount of blood is lost due to extreme hemorrhage, trauma, dehydration, etc.