(2/2) CRITIQUE OF JUDGEMENT by Kant. Audiobook, full length скачать в хорошем качестве

(2/2) CRITIQUE OF JUDGEMENT by Kant. Audiobook, full length

Full-length audiobook for free | Classics collection / best-sellers and more. Full text, easy to read. Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment, published in 1790, stands as a pivotal work in aesthetics, exploring the nature of taste, beauty, and the sublime. In this profound treatise, Kant delves into the realm of human judgment, bridging the gap between the realms of pure reason and practical reason. Part I: Critique of Aesthetic Judgment Kant's examination of aesthetic judgment begins with a distinction between determining judgment and reflecting judgment. Determining judgment, he explains, applies concepts to particulars, subsuming individual cases under general rules. Reflecting judgment, on the other hand, proceeds in the opposite direction, moving from particulars to concepts. Kant then focuses on aesthetic judgment, which he identifies as a type of reflecting judgment. Aesthetic judgment involves the subjective experience of pleasure or displeasure in response to an object, without any reference to the object's utility or purpose. This pleasure, Kant argues, is disinterested, meaning it is not based on any personal interest or desire. Kant introduces the concept of free beauty, which refers to objects that are pleasing in themselves, without requiring any concept or intellectual mediation. He contrasts this with adherent beauty, which requires some concept or idea to be pleasing. Kant also discusses the role of imagination in aesthetic judgment. Imagination, he explains, plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between the manifold of perception and the unity of concept. Through its synthetic activity, imagination harmonizes the disparate elements of an object, allowing us to grasp its overall form or beauty. Genius, according to Kant, is the ability to produce original and exemplary works of art. He distinguishes between imitative genius, which reproduces nature, and creative genius, which creates new and original forms. Part II: Critique of Teleological Judgment In the second part of his Critique of Judgment, Kant shifts his focus to teleological judgment, which involves the discernment of purpose or design in nature. He distinguishes between subjective teleology, which attributes purpose to objects based on our own interests or desires, and objective teleology, which attributes purpose to objects independently of our subjective perspectives. Kant argues that objective teleology is only applicable to living organisms, as they exhibit a degree of organization and interconnectedness that suggests an underlying purpose or design. He maintains that we can only infer purpose in nature to the extent that we can observe a relationship between parts and a whole that serves a specific function. Kant's Critique of Judgment concludes with a discussion of the relationship between aesthetics and morality. He argues that the free play of our imagination and understanding, as experienced in aesthetic judgment, is conducive to moral development. The cultivation of taste, he suggests, can foster a sense of harmony and order, making us more receptive to moral principles. Significance and Impact Kant's Critique of Judgment stands as a landmark in the history of aesthetics, providing a systematic and nuanced analysis of human judgment in the realm of beauty and purpose. His work has had a profound impact on various fields, including philosophy, art criticism, and literary theory. Kant's concept of disinterestedness has been influential in shaping our understanding of aesthetic experience, emphasizing the non-utilitarian nature of beauty and the role of imagination in aesthetic judgment. His discussion of genius has contributed to the understanding of artistic creativity and the role of the artist in society. Kant's work on teleological judgment has also been significant, providing a framework for understanding the relationship between purpose and design in nature. His distinction between subjective and objective teleology has been influential in discussions of the role of purpose in scientific explanations. The Critique of Judgment, with its exploration of the human capacity for aesthetic and teleological judgment, continues to be a source of inspiration and debate, offering valuable insights into the nature of beauty, purpose, and the human mind. More: Kant, Critique of Judgement, aesthetics teleology, beauty, taste sublime, morality, freedom autonomy, synthesis, imagination understanding, reason, judgment universality, exemplarity, disinterestedness purposiveness, finality