LANDMARKS FOR ANTERIOR ETHMOID ARTERY скачать в хорошем качестве

LANDMARKS FOR ANTERIOR ETHMOID ARTERY

Three Key Landmarks for the Anterior Ethmoid Artery (AEA) Let’s go through the detailed anatomy and clinical relevance of these landmarks: 1. Ground Lamella of the Middle Turbinate • The ground lamella is the bony attachment of the middle turbinate to the lateral nasal wall. • The AEA crosses the ethmoid roof just anterior to the ground lamella, making this a reliable intraoperative landmark during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). • During surgery, identifying the ground lamella is crucial, as the AEA is located just anterior to it, running in the anterior ethmoid canal. ✅ Clinical relevance: • The ground lamella serves as a protective barrier between the anterior and posterior ethmoid cells. • During ethmoidectomy, surgeons carefully remove the ground lamella to avoid damaging the AEA, which can lead to bleeding or orbital complications. 2. Anterior Table of the Bulla Ethmoidalis • The bulla ethmoidalis is one of the largest ethmoid air cells, located posterior to the uncinate process. • The anterior table of the bulla ethmoidalis serves as a reliable landmark for the AEA, which runs just superior and posterior to it. • The artery crosses the skull base near this region, making the anterior table an important reference point during sinus surgery. ✅ Clinical relevance: • When performing frontal recess surgery or ethmoidectomy, the surgeon uses the bulla’s anterior table as a guide. • The AEA is at risk of injury if the dissection extends too superiorly or posteriorly. 3. Supraorbital Cell • The supraorbital cell is an ethmoid air cell that pneumatizes superiorly into the orbital roof or frontal bone. • The AEA frequently passes through or near the supraorbital cell, making it another key landmark. • During surgery, the AEA can be visualized near the superior border of the supraorbital cell. ✅ Clinical relevance: • In frontal sinus surgery, the supraorbital cell is often encountered. • Surgeons use this landmark to anticipate the location of the AEA and prevent accidental damage, which could cause bleeding or orbital complications. ✅ Key Surgical Tip: • During endoscopic sinus surgery, the AEA is typically located: • 5–7 mm posterior to the anterior ethmoid sinus wall. • It runs in a bony canal, but the canal may be dehiscent (lacking bony coverage) in up to 30% of cases, increasing the risk of injury. #science #ear #biology #ent #nose #anatomy #nosebleed #otolaryngology #throathealth #tonsils