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For more information on this story or Yale School of Medicine, visit: https://medicine.yale.edu/lab/chawars... or https://www.hensonfoundation.org/pdw/pdw. For many years, parents and caregivers have reported something interesting: that young children on the autism spectrum could relate to and communicate through puppets more easily than with other people. Some teachers turn to puppetry in their classrooms to try to reach children with autism. Yale Child Study Center and the Jim Henson Foundation teamed up to study this connection, which until now, had not been formally studied. “We think it’s a really interesting phenomenon, but then when I went to look into it, there didn’t seem to be any research that actually made a connection between puppets and autism,” says Cheryl Henson, foundation president and a Yale alumna. These “breakthrough” moments - when a child might hold a conversation with a puppet character - are “commonplace” to puppeteers like Lindsey “Z.” Briggs, who helped create the videos used for the study. “Puppets can allow for them to feel like they’re in a safe space and that they might be able to share or calm down,” she explains. One of the early signs of autism in very young children is difficulty attending to human faces in social interactions. “We know from prior studies that children with autism have a particular vulnerability in this area,” says Katarzyna Chawarska, PhD. Children with autism miss out on opportunities to learn about social cues and language when they struggle to pay attention to human facial expressions. In order to understand where children’s visual attention was going, Dr. Chawarska’s team used eye tracking technology to monitor their gaze while watching a simple video - a puppet and a human actress playing with a ball and holding a conversation. “As we expected, children with autism did not really pay a lot of attention to the person who was speaking,” Dr. Chawarska says. “But they paid a lot of attention to the puppet speaker and were very closely aligned to the control group.” In other words, children on the autism spectrum paid as much attention to the puppets as their neurotypical peers did. The team is hopeful that others will pick up the research to find out whether puppets can enhance learning and help children on the spectrum grow and develop new skills.