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boutonnière deformity

A medical condition in which the finger is flexed at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint (the interphalangeal (IP) joint for the thumb) or, less commonly, a toe, and there is hyperextension at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. It causes swelling and pain at the joint. The joint is stuck in a bent position and is not able to be straightened. The joint is stiff, which gets worse over time. It is caused by the injury or cut to the tendon of the PIP or IP joint. A person is not able to straighten the PIP or IP joint, if the tendon is severed from the bone. (Examples of the causes) • arthritis • injury: A deep cut, dislocation, or fracture. • birth defect (Treatment: Early treatment is important.) Nonsurgical treatment: • splint: Keeps the PIP joint straight allowing other joints to move. Nonsurgical treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: • disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: Stop the disease from getting worse. • biologic response modifiers: Stop damaging tissue. • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications: Stop pain and inflammation. • glucocorticoids: Stop pain and inflammation. Surgical treatment: • joint replacement surgery (in case it does not heal) (Comparisons: Affected joints are different.) • boutonnière deformity: The PIP joint is flexed and the DIP joint is hyperextended. • swan neck deformity: The PIP joint is hyperextended and the DIP joint is flexed. • Mallet finger: The DIP joint is flexed and not be able to be straightened due to an injury to the tendon. (Comparisons: It may look similar but the causes and mobilities are different.) • boutonnière deformity: The injury is to the tendon of the DIP joint. The joint is not movable (not able to straightened). • pseudo boutonnière deformity: The injury is to the volar plate, or the ligament underneath the DIP joint. The joint is movable.