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Hypoxic Cell Injury : Pathology

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 :    / @medschoolsimplified007   📌𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 :   / draishwaryakelkar   📌𝗧𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿:   / aishwayadr   📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 :   / clinical.learning   Hypoxic Cell Injury : Pathology --------------------------------------------------- Hypoxia, a condition characterized by inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, is a significant cause of cell injury and plays a critical role in various pathological conditions. It can result from several factors, including reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (e.g., anemia), decreased blood flow (ischemia), or impaired respiratory function. Hypoxia disrupts cellular metabolism by limiting aerobic respiration, leading to a switch to anaerobic glycolysis. This metabolic shift causes a decrease in ATP production, accumulation of lactic acid, and intracellular acidosis. The resulting energy deficit impairs essential cellular functions, including ion transport, protein synthesis, and maintenance of cell membrane integrity. Prolonged hypoxia can lead to cell swelling, membrane damage, and eventually cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels by regulating genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and glycolysis. Understanding hypoxia and its impact on cell injury is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). #Hypoxia #CellInjury #Pathology #FMGE #NEETPG #USMLE #MedicalStudents #OxygenDeprivation #Ischemia #MedEd #StudyMedicine #HealthScience #MedicalExams #FutureDoctors #CellDeath #MyocardialInfarction #Stroke #COPD #LearnMedicine #HypoxiaInducibleFactors