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ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a dangerous event that can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)—a type of stroke caused by bleeding directly into the brain tissue 🧠. 💥 What Happens During an AVM Rupture An AVM is a tangled web of arteries and veins that bypasses the normal capillary system. When it ruptures: High-pressure arterial blood flows directly into veins, which aren’t built to handle it This causes the fragile vessels to burst, spilling blood into the brain parenchyma The result is intracerebral hemorrhage, often sudden and severe ⚠️ Symptoms of Ruptured AVM Sudden, intense headache Nausea and vomiting Seizures Loss of consciousness Weakness or paralysis (often on one side) Vision or speech disturbances 🧠 Imaging Findings MRI and CT scans typically show: A hematoma in the brain (e.g., parieto-occipital region) Surrounding edema Tortuous, dilated vessels forming the AVM nidus Feeding arteries and draining veins visible on contrast studies 📊 Risk Factors for Hemorrhage According to recent studies: Initial hemorrhagic presentation increases future rupture risk (HR 2.41) Deep venous drainage and associated aneurysms also raise the risk AVMs located deep in the brain or greater Than 3 cm in size are more prone to bleeding 🛠️ Treatment Options Surgical resection: Especially for accessible AVMs Endovascular embolization: Minimally invasive, blocks blood flow to the AVM Radiosurgery: Focused radiation to shrink the AVM over time #malformation #Arteriovenous