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This lecture describes trait theory according to Gordon Allport and Raymond Cattell, as well as explains the person-situation debate. Traits are consistent, enduring predispositions to respond in a similar way to different stimuli. Gordon Allport identified 4,500 traits using the lexical approach, which involves sampling language in order to derive a comprehensive taxonomy of human personality traits. Raymond Cattell's factor analysis is a technique used to reduce a large number of variables into fewer a number of factors. The person–situation debate refers to the controversy concerning whether the person or the situation is more influential in determining a person's behavior. The three primary assumptions of the trait approach are: (1) there are differences between people, (2) people behave consistently across time, (3) and people behave consistently across situations. Situationists oppose the idea that people behave consistent across situations. The interactionism perspective is now widely accepted and recognizes that the effect of personality depends on the situation, and that situations are affected by the personalities of the people who are present.