Introduction to Cancer Biology (Part 2): Loss of Apoptosis скачать в хорошем качестве

Introduction to Cancer Biology (Part 2): Loss of Apoptosis

Apoptosis or "programmed cell death" is a mechanism by which organisms limit the growth and replication of cells. Loss of apoptosis is one of the key mechanisms behind cancer. This animation is the second part of the series "An Introduction to Cancer Biology", and reveals the faulty apoptotic pathways that tumor cells often have. REFERENCES: 1. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000 Jan 7;100(1):57-70. 2. Herbst RS. Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;59(2 Suppl):21-6. 3. Gerharz CD, Ramp U, Reinecke P, et al. Analysis of growth factor-dependent signalling in human epithelioid sarcoma cell lines. Clues to the role of autocrine, juxtacrine and paracrine interactions in epithelioid sarcoma. Eur J Cancer. 2000 Jun;36(9):1171-9. 4. Potapova O, Fakhrai H, Mercola D. Growth factor PDGF-B/v-sis confers a tumorigenic phenotype to human tumor cells bearing PDGF receptors but not to cells devoid of receptors: evidence for an autocrine, but not a paracrine, mechanism. Int J Cancer. 1996 May 29;66(5):669-77. 5. Andl CD, Mizushima T, Nakagawa H, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor mediates increased cell proliferation, migration, and aggregation in esophageal keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 17;278(3):1824-30. 6. Di Fiore PP, Pierce JH, Kraus MH, Segatto O, King CR, Aaronson SA. erbB-2 is a potent oncogene when overexpressed in NIH/3T3 cells. Science. 1987 Jul 10;237(4811):178-82. 7. Batra SK, Castelino-Prabhu S, Wikstrand CJ, et al. Epidermal growth factor ligand-independent, unregulated, cell-transforming potential of a naturally occurring human mutant EGFRvIII gene. Cell Growth Differ. 1995 Oct;6(10):1251-9. 8. Egeblad M, Mortensen OH, Jaattela M. Truncated ErbB2 receptor enhances ErbB1 signaling and induces reversible, ERK-independent loss of epithelial morphology. Int J Cancer. 2001 Oct 15;94(2):185-91. 9. Lage A, Crombet T, González G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling: early results and future trends in oncology. Ann Med. 2003; 35(5):327-36. 10. Adjei AA, Hidalgo M. Intracellular signal transduction pathway proteins as targets for cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 10;23(23):5386-403. 11. Beeram M, Patnaik A, Rowinsky EK. Raf: a strategic target for therapeutic development against cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 20;23(27):6771-90. 12. Schmelzle T, Hall MN. TOR, a central controller of cell growth. Cell. 2000 Oct 13;103(2):253-62. 13. Yarden Y, Sliwkowski MX. Untangling the ErbB signalling network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Feb;2(2):127-37. 14. Igney FH, Krammer PH. Death and anti-death: tumour resistance to apoptosis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002 Apr; 2(4):277-88. 15. Delhalle S, Duvoix A, Schnekenburger M, Morceau F, Dicato M, Diederich M. An introduction to the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Dec;1010:1-8. 16. Veiby OP, Read MA. Chemoresistance: impact of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB inhibition by small interfering RNA. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 May 15;10(10):3333-41. 17. Foo P. Metastasis: The journey of mobile cancer cells. Harvard Science Review. Spring 2002;30-2. 18. Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 10;23(5):1011-27. 19. Ellis LM. Epidermal growth factor receptor in tumor angiogenesis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2004 Oct; 18(5):1007-21. 20. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 3;350(23):2335-42. 21. Motzer RJ, Michaelson MD, Redman BG, et al. Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 1;24(1):16-24.