Epidemiology of Meningitis infection; Global Overview, Incidence and Burden скачать в хорошем качестве

Epidemiology of Meningitis infection; Global Overview, Incidence and Burden

🧠 Epidemiology of Meningitis Infection Meningitis is a global public health concern characterized by inflammation of the meninges—the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, with bacterial meningitis being the most severe and life-threatening form. 🌍 Global Burden High-Risk Regions: The African meningitis belt, stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia, experiences frequent epidemics, especially of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus). Annual Impact: Bacterial meningitis causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. Around 1 in 6 people with bacterial meningitis die, and 1 in 5 survivors suffer long-term complications. Incidence Rates: Vary widely by region, age group, and pathogen. For example, the global incidence of meningitis is tracked as new cases per 100,000 people annually. 👶 Age and Risk Factors Newborns: Most vulnerable to Group B Streptococcus and Listeria monocytogenes. Children & Adolescents: At higher risk for Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Adults: Pneumococcus and meningococcus remain leading causes. Immunocompromised Individuals: Including those with HIV, are at increased risk for fungal and atypical bacterial meningitis. 📈 Recent Trends In the U.S., meningococcal disease cases have risen sharply since 2021, with serogroup Y driving much of the increase. Populations disproportionately affected include: Adults aged 30–60 Black or African American individuals People living with HIV 💉 Prevention Vaccination is the most effective strategy: MenACWY and MenB vaccines for meningococcal disease Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccines Public Health Surveillance: Active monitoring and rapid response are key to controlling outbreaks. #Meningitis #Epidemiology