LACRIMAL APPARATUS ANATOMY | OPHTHALMOLOGY | KNOWING ANATOMY скачать в хорошем качестве

LACRIMAL APPARATUS ANATOMY | OPHTHALMOLOGY | KNOWING ANATOMY

The lacrimal apparatus, also known as the tear system, is a network of glands, sacs, and ducts that lubricates and protects the eyes. The anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus includes: Lacrimal glands: These exocrine glands are located above the eyeball and secrete tears. The lacrimal gland is made up of a larger orbital part and a smaller palpebral part. Lacrimal puncta: These openings are located on the upper and lower eyelids, and tears enter the lacrimal apparatus through them. The puncta are pale in color and are not usually visible unless the eyelid is everted. Canaliculi: These vertical canals extend from the eyelid margin and widen to form the ampulla. The canaliculi then continue horizontally along the arc of the eyelid. Lacrimal sac: The tears pass into the lacrimal sac after entering the canaliculi. Nasolacrimal duct: This duct opens in the inferior meatus of the nose. The lacrimal apparatus's main function is to keep the cornea and conjunctiva moisturized. Tears are important for many functions, including: Protecting the eye from shear forces during blinking and eye movements Maintaining a smooth, transparent optical layer Shielding the eye surface from environmental insults Repelling negatively charged bacteria As people age, the secretory function of the lacrimal glands declines, which can lead to dry eye syndrome.