Neuronal Growth; Neurogenesis, Migration, Differentiation, Axonal Growth & Pathfinding скачать в хорошем качестве

Neuronal Growth; Neurogenesis, Migration, Differentiation, Axonal Growth & Pathfinding

Neuronal growth is the dynamic process by which neurons—your brain’s information messengers—develop, expand, and form intricate networks. It’s the biological foundation for learning, memory, and recovery from injury. Let’s break it down: 🧠 Key Phases of Neuronal Growth Neurogenesis Formation of new neurons from neural stem cells Begins around the 4th week of embryonic development Most neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia are formed before birth Migration Newly formed neurons travel to their destined locations in the brain Guided by chemical signals and structural pathways Differentiation Neurons specialize into types (e.g., motor, sensory, interneurons) They begin expressing specific proteins and receptors Synaptogenesis Formation of synapses (connections) between neurons Explodes during early development and continues throughout life Pruning Elimination of excess or weak synapses Helps refine neural circuits for efficiency Myelination Axons are wrapped in myelin sheaths by glial cells Speeds up signal transmission and continues into early adulthood 🌱 Lifelong Plasticity Neuronal growth isn’t just for babies—your brain can rewire and adapt throughout life: Learning new skills (e.g., languages, instruments) strengthens synaptic connections Physical exercise and enriched environments promote neurogenesis, especially in the hippocampus Recovery from injury often involves rerouting or regenerating neural pathways 🧪 Cellular Players Neural stem cells: Pluripotent cells that give rise to neurons and glia Radial glial cells: Guide migrating neurons and later become astrocytes Glial cells: Support, insulate, and nourish neurons #Neuronal #Growth