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Two Minutes of Anatomy: Axial Skeleton

Axial Skeleton Axial Skeleton is the part of the bony structure of the body that consists of the bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage. The axial skeleton serves primarily to support and protect the heart, lungs, and central nervous system. The axial skeleton differs from the appendicular skeleton, which is made up of the bones of the upper and lower limbs. The axial skeleton is made up of eighty individual bones. These include the eight cranial bones of the skull, the fourteen bones of the face, the six auditory ossicles (which are the bones of the middle ear), the hyoid bone, the twenty-four vertebrae, the sacrum, the coccyx, the 24 bones of the rib cage, and the sternum (breastbone). The bones of the vertebral column provide the main support of the trunk. Reference Axial Skeleton, Anatomy https://www.britannica.com/science/ax... Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton is comprised of the upper and lower extremities, including the shoulder girdle and pelvis. Of the 206 bones in the adult human body, a total of 126 bones form the appendicular skeleton. The bones that make up the appendicular skeleton include the bones of the hands, feet, upper extremity, lower extremity, shoulder girdle and pelvic bones. All the bones exist in pairs, one on each side of the body. The shoulder girdle and pelvis provide connection points between the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton. These connection points are where mechanical loads are transferred. Appendicular Skeleton is structured for a greater range of motion and locomotion generation when compared to the axial skeleton. Appendicular Skeleton – Upper Body A single upper extremity includes Fourteen phalanges (Proximal, intermediate and distal) Five metacarpals Eight carpal bones Two forearm bones (Radius and ulna) Humerus Shoulder Girdle (Scapula and clavicle) Appendicular Skeleton is structured for a greater range of motion and locomotion generation when compared to the axial skeleton. Appendicular skeleton directly articulates with the axial skeleton Sternoclavicular Joint where the sternum of the axial skeleton articulates with the clavicle of the appendicular skeleton. Scapulothoracic Joint is not an actual joint. The scapulothoracic joint forms between the anterior surface of the scapula and the posterior ribs 2-7. Appendicular Skeleton – Lower Body A single lower extremity contains 14 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal), five metatarsals, seven tarsal bones, two lower leg bones (fibula, tibia), the femur, and the hip bone or coxal bone (ilium, ischium, and pubis). Sesamoid Bones including the patella and two in the great toe. These bones articulate with each other and are joined by a multitude of ligaments, cartilage, and tendons to form the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is structured for a greater range of motion and locomotion generation when compared to the axial skeleton. Appendicular skeleton articulates directly with the axial skeleton at the sacroiliac joints, which is where the sacrum articulates with the ilium bilaterally. The connection between the sacrum and the ilium is important to transfer the load of the axial skeleton to the lower limb of the appendicular skeleton. References Anatomy, Appendicular Skeleton https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB... Dr Donald A Ozello DC of Championship Chiropractic in Las Vegas, NV Web Site: http://www.championshipchiropractic.com/ Blog: https://www.championshipchiropractic.... Twitter:   / drdozellodc   Facebook:   / championship-chiropractic-280141628688300   LinkedIn:   / dr-donald-a-ozello-dc-716b3233   YouTube:    / drdozellodc   "Running: Maximize Performance & Minimize Injuries" https://www.amazon.com/Running-Perfor... ***Disclaimer: Viewing this video does not take the place of seeing a medical professional, receiving proper training in the medical profession or working with a fitness professional. Please visit a medical professional for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. Please work with a fitness professional to learn proper exercise technique and to develop a proper training program. Never perform an exercise that elicits or intensifies symptoms. If an exercise elicits or intensifies symptoms, stop immediately and use a viable substitute. Please receive proper medical training before attempting these medical procedures.