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Atomic Numbers vs. Atomic Mass: What’s the Difference?

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus and defines the element. For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1, while carbon has an atomic number of 6. The atomic mass numberis the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. It indicates the atom's mass. For instance, carbon has an atomic mass number of 12, consisting of 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Isotopes are variations of the same element with the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers, like Carbon-12 and Carbon-14, which differ in neutron count. These concepts are fundamental in understanding the identity and behavior of elements in chemistry.