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Decarboxylation Reaction Decarboxylation refers to the removal of a carboxyl group (-COOH) from a molecule, releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂). This reaction commonly occurs in organic chemistry, particularly in the breakdown of carboxylic acids. General Reaction: R-COOH → R-H + 𝐶 𝑂 2 R-COOH→R-H+CO 2 Here, a carboxylic acid (R-COOH) converts into an alkane (R-H) with the release of carbon dioxide gas. Types of Decarboxylation Reactions: Thermal Decarboxylation: Occurs when carboxylic acids or their salts are heated. Example: Sodium acetate decarboxylates to form methane. CH₃COONa + 𝑁 𝑎 𝑂 𝐻 → 𝐻 𝑒 𝑎 𝑡 𝐶 𝐻 4 + 𝑁 𝑎 2 𝐶 𝑂 3 CH₃COONa+NaOH Heat CH 4 +Na 2 CO 3 Oxidative Decarboxylation: Involves enzymes and is common in biochemical pathways, such as the Krebs cycle. Example: Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA with the release of CO₂. CH₃COCOOH + 𝑁 𝐴 𝐷 + + 𝐶 𝑜 𝐴 → CH₃CO-CoA + 𝐶 𝑂 2 + 𝑁 𝐴 𝐷 𝐻 CH₃COCOOH+NAD + +CoA→CH₃CO-CoA+CO 2 +NADH Catalytic Decarboxylation: Catalysts like copper can accelerate the removal of CO₂. Applications of Decarboxylation: Biochemical Reactions: Occurs in metabolism (e.g., Krebs cycle). Converts molecules like amino acids and fatty acids into simpler forms. Cannabis Industry: Heating cannabis activates THC from THCA through decarboxylation. Synthesis of Hydrocarbons: Decarboxylation is used to convert carboxylic acids to alkanes.