David E.R. Sutherland - Acceptance Speech - 2012 Medawar Laureate - The Transplantation Society скачать в хорошем качестве

David E.R. Sutherland - Acceptance Speech - 2012 Medawar Laureate - The Transplantation Society

David E.R. Sutherland Dr. Sutherland started his research career in immunology under the mentorship of Dr. Robert A. Good at the UM Medical School and graduated in 1966. He then interned at West Virginia University, served 2 years in the U.S. Army, and completed his surgery residency and a transplant fellowship at the UM. In 1976, he joined the university faculty, where he has spent his entire career. He received his Ph.D. in 1977, was promoted to professor of surgery in 1984, and was head of the Division of Transplantation from 1994 to 2009. He founded and has been the director of the UM Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation since 1994, and is holder of the Dobbs Diabetes Research Chair. As a transplant surgeon, Dr. Sutherland has trained numerous surgeons heading organ and pancreatic transplant programs worldwide and has overseen more than 2000 pancreas transplants at the UM. He performed the world’s first clinical islet transplant in 1974 alongside his mentor Dr. John Najarian, and he developed minimally invasive β-cell replacement (BCR) therapy as an alternative to insulin therapy or pancreas transplantation to treat diabetes. He also initiated the preservation of β-cell mass by islet autotransplantation at the time of total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis in 1977, with nearly 435 such procedures completed to date. In 1980, Dr. Sutherland founded the International Pancreas Transplant Registry. Dr. Sutherland has been of service for national and international organizations and societies, including serving as president of TTS (2002–2004), the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (1996–1997), the Cell Transplant Society (1994–1996), and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons (1990–1991). He has also served on the editorial boards of many journals, including Cell Transplantation, Diabetes, Transplantation, Transplantation Proceedings, and Pancreas. He has been editor-in-chief for Clinical Transplantation since January 2007. Dr. Sutherland’s principal scientific achievement is his being the major force in the development of BCR for the treatment of diabetes. In the early 1970s, he began work on islet transplantation to make BCR minimally invasive. He recognized the long-term challenges and simultaneously refined techniques of pancreas transplantation to avoid problems that plagued earlier series. In the late 1970s, he resurrected clinical pancreas transplantation at the UM, while persevering with islet research. In 1977, Dr. Sutherland showed that islet autografts could preserve insulin secretion after total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis, establishing a new treatment of the disease, now proved metabolically durable. The first successful series of single-donor islet allografts occurred under his direction. In 1980, he established the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Registry, one of the most useful registries, publishing outcome analyses for nearly 30 years. The unique contributions that Dr. Sutherland has made to pancreas transplantation include the first living-donor segmental graft (1979), aiming not simply to solve organ shortage but to decrease the rejection rate in the pre–calcineurin inhibitor era. He also first described isletitis with selective β-cell destruction and recurrence of diabetes in pancreas isografts (identical-twin donors) and allografts (1984), a key observation in establishing the disease as autoimmune. Finally, more than anyone in the field, he emphasized pancreas transplant alone in nonuremic patients whose diabetes was more severe than the adverse effects of immunosuppression, comprising a quarter of the first 1000 cases at the UM, a series now of greater than 2000 transplants. The field could not have developed as it did without Dr. Sutherland’s passion and numerous contributions.