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1 Addiction Basics: The Dynorphin Hypothesis

Patient, Friends, and Family Education Material about the basics of Addiction: (This is a Rough Draft) This is a description of the thermostat-like way that the brain adapts to substance abuse by inhibiting joy. All substances that get people high do so by releasing surges of dopamine. The elevated dopamine gives people an activated go-go feeling. The brain adapts rapidly to these surges of dopamine and regains balance by increasing dynorphin levels. The elevated dynorphin inhibits dopamine release. With repeated substance use elevated dynorphin causes dopamine levels to be normal when the substance is present and below normal when the substance wears off. The low dopamine causes a sluggish low energy de-activated burned out state of fatigue. Other substances such as elevated adrenaline (in opiates and some other substances) and elevated glutamate (in alcohol) result in additional misery such as anxiety, irritability, sweating, restlessness, and insomnia. Once substance abuse is stopped the dynorphin levels drift back down. Elevated adrenaline and glutamate levels gradually return to normal. The depression of low dopamine and anxiety and irritability and insomnia from elevated adrenaline and glutamate gradually resolve. After people stop using the substance they go through a period of misery and then recover. Disclaimer: this video is for education only and not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of any disease. The author makes no claims about the accuracy of this information. The author accepts no responsibility for how this material is used or misused. The information and material is to be used at your own risk.