Early forms of Social Organization with Prof Augustin Holl | Afrospectives скачать в хорошем качестве

Early forms of Social Organization with Prof Augustin Holl | Afrospectives

Early forms of Social Organization with Augustine F.C. Holl, Professor and Director of the Africa Research Centre at Xiamen University, China. Founder of Afrospectives. #anthropology #socialanthropology #archeology It is particularly difficulty to pinpoint the key characteristics of the Earliest forms of social organizations put in place by our remote ancestors. There are however subtle ways to rely on the available archaeological record to highlight some aspects of the social dynamics involved. The first is the very existence of very early archaeological sites, suggesting the gathering – sometime repetitive – of some individuals in specific spots of the landscape. The second aspect is the transfer of raw material across the landscape. Humans belong to the order of primates, very close cousins to the Chimpanzees who are social animals. Primatology research then allows to formulate hypotheses on Early humans forms of #socialorganizations. For a very long time, in fact most of human history (99.99 %), our remote ancestors lived in small hunter-gatherers bands, highly mobile, within a certain territory. As shown by studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers, decisions are made by consensus and the group-size varies according to seasons and available resources. Sharing is the dominant ethic. Around 8,000 BCE, with the adoption of agriculture and livestock husbandry, slowly, steadily, but differentially, humans initiated larger settlements with higher concentration of people. Early agricultural and herders sites in rock-shelters or small hamlets, such as Nabta Playa in Eastern Sahara(Egypt), were however small for a long period time. It is during the last 7/6,000 years that diverse forms of social organizations, ranging from scattered pastoral camps, agricultural hamlets, villages, chiefdoms, and states entered Africa historical record. Studies on the 2000-5/300 BCE Pre-Ghana social formation from the Dhar Tichitt (Mauretania), 1900 BCE-1800 CE Chadic Chiefdom of Houlouf (Cameroon), and 7/600 BCE-1400 CE Self-sustaining autonomous villages from the Mouhoun Bend (Burkina Faso) are relied upon to showcase the diversity of ancient forms of #governance in Africa. 1:35 Early forms of social organisation 2:50 Three main lines of investigation 4:00 Political system 5:45 Long term evolution 7:20 Economic zone 10:15 Countryside 12:20 Conclusion