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Atrial Myxomas | Clinical Features | Benign Tumors of the Heart | Symptoms and Diagnosis скачать в хорошем качестве

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Atrial Myxomas | Clinical Features | Benign Tumors of the Heart | Symptoms and Diagnosis
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Atrial Myxomas | Clinical Features | Benign Tumors of the Heart | Symptoms and Diagnosis

Atrial Myxomas definition states that they are benign tumors, which means they are non-cancerous. The majority of myxomas develop in the left atrium (LA Myxoma or Left atrial Myxoma) making up 75% of incidences, whereas 25% are present in the right atrium (RA myxoma or Right Atrial Myxoma). Atrial thrombus or myxoma is sometimes described as a jelly-like substance or a cluster of cells, they are often hemorrhagic and are of variable firmness. They can be sessile, meaning attached at the bases rendering them immobile, or pedunculated, meaning attached by a stalk-like peduncle which is also more common, and it may be of variable sizes ranging from 1 to 10 cm. Histologically they are gelatinous material and the myxoma cells are immersed in glycosaminoglycans. They most frequently arise in the left atrium, attached to the interatrial septum in the region of the fossa ovale. They are usually attached by a pedicle, as mentioned earlier to the atrial septum. If we briefly talk about atrial myxoma causes, around 10% of cardiac myxomas are inherited, known as familial myxomas. ▬ 📃 Atrial Myxoma Symptoms ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Most of the time, atrial myxoma is an incidental finding. and since about 20% of patients are asymptomatic, it is safe to assume that as the number of imaging increases so will the incidences of atrial myxomas. Clinical features are variable and depend on the location. In the case of left atrial myxomas, the features are in some way like mitral stenosis since atrial myxomas do obstruct the mitral valve so features such as 🟡 Dyspnea 🟡 Syncope 🟡 Loud S1 🟡 Mid-diastolic murmur 🟡 Signs of Heart failure Constitutional symptoms such as fever, malaise, and weight loss may persist, owing to the IL-6 production from the tumor cells as well as Atrial Fibrillation and Raised ESR. Generally, a triad of symptoms is recognized 🔵 Valvular obstruction 🔵 Embolic event 🔵 Constitutional symptoms On auscultation, a cardiac murmur is usually present. A characteristic finding in patients with pedunculated and prolapsing myxoma is the so-called "tumour plop" A tumor plop is produced when the tumour hits the mitral valve. ▬ 📜 Atrial Myxoma Complications ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Now the tumor is where it is, it may obstruct the mitral valve, or a piece may even break off and form an embolus. It may cause cardiac arrhythmias or go on to form embolic complications like stroke or hemorrhage from neoplastic intracranial aneurysm. ▬ 📃 Atrial Myxoma Diagnosis ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Myxomas in the heart are identified by echocardiography but let’s go through different methods. 👉 Chest X-Ray On a plain Chest X-ray, it’s important to know that it may look normal. If there are any abnormalities, however, they are usually non-specific and include: ⚫️ Cardiomegaly owing to the left atrial enlargement ⚫️ Intracardiac tumoral calcification ⚫️ Evidence of a mitral valve obstruction ⚫️ Evidence of elevated left atrial pressure such as pulmonary edema. ⚫️ Ultrasound Echocardiography is the usual method of identifying cardiac myxomas. A hyperechogenic lesion, which is basically Tissues that have higher echogenicity, can be seen with a well-defined stalk. This is also great for assessing the mobility of the tumor as it often protrudes through valve flaps. In question, they may ask the best way to investigate an atrial myxoma, and for that, you should know that it is the Transverse Transesophageal Echocardiogram which is diagnostic. 👉 CT scans The myxoma can also be viewed by CT, and if the mass is pedunculated, the motion within the heart can be seen including prolapsing through the mitral valve. 👉 MRI MRI can also be used to image an atrial myxoma, the appearances are heterogeneous, reflecting the non-uniformity of these masses. ▬ 📜 Atrial Myxoma Treatment ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Atrial Myxoma management usually is complete resection (Atrial Myxoma Surgery), and the recurrence rate of this heart tumor removal is under 5%. In atypical cases or those with Carney complex which is a hereditary condition associated with spotty skin pigmentation; myxomas and a number of other tumors of the endocrine glands the recurrence rate is much higher (12-22%). So that was all! ▬ 🎬 5500+ sqadia.com Medical Videos ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 👩🏻‍⚕️ Accessible Medical Student Education 24/7/365 💡 Simplifying Medical Learning 💪 Study Hard, Dream Big, Achieve More

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