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#Disease

👁️ Disease of the Eye – Ectropion 1. What is Ectropion? Ectropion is a condition in which the lower eyelid turns outward (away from the eyeball), causing exposure of the inner eyelid surface and improper closure of the eye. This leads to dryness, irritation, and watering of the eye. 2. Causes (Etiology): A. Involutional (Age-related) Most common type – due to weakening of eyelid muscles with age. B. Cicatricial (Scar-related) Caused by scarring or contracture of skin from burns, injuries, or surgery. C. Paralytic Due to facial nerve palsy (Bell’s palsy) which affects eyelid control. D. Mechanical Tumors or heavy swelling on the eyelid pulling it outward. E. Congenital Rare, present since birth due to abnormal eyelid development. 3. Symptoms: Symptom Description Epiphora Excessive tearing due to improper tear drainage Dryness & Irritation Due to exposure of conjunctiva Redness From chronic irritation Foreign body sensation Feeling of grit in the eye Incomplete Eye Closure Leads to exposure keratitis if severe 4. Diagnosis: Clinical examination – The lower eyelid is visibly turned outward. Slit-lamp examination – To check for corneal dryness or damage. Evaluation of facial nerve function (in paralytic cases). 5. Treatment: Conservative Management (Mild Cases): Lubricating eye drops/ointment – Prevents dryness. Artificial tears – Reduces irritation. Moisture shields or taping at night – To protect cornea. Definitive Treatment (Moderate to Severe Cases): Surgical correction – Shortening and tightening of the eyelid (e.g., lateral tarsal strip procedure). Treatment of underlying cause – e.g., managing facial palsy or removing tumor. 6. Complications: Exposure keratitis (corneal inflammation due to dryness). Corneal ulceration if untreated. Chronic conjunctivitis. 7. Prevention: Early treatment of facial nerve palsy or eyelid injuries. Protecting the eyes from trauma or burns. Conclusion: Ectropion mainly affects elderly patients due to muscle laxity. While mild cases can be managed with lubricants, surgery is often needed for long-term correction to protect the cornea.