هل يمكن أن تنشأ الحياة على الأرض بشكل طبيعي دون تدخل؟ (النشوء الذاتي Abiogenesis) скачать в хорошем качестве

هل يمكن أن تنشأ الحياة على الأرض بشكل طبيعي دون تدخل؟ (النشوء الذاتي Abiogenesis)

طرح علمي حول النشوء الذاتي Abiogenesis: التعريف النشأة والتاريخ المراحل الآليات الفجوات والمشاكل (للمزيد حول النقاط المطروحة والمصادر: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1U... حقوق النشر محفوظة لقناة Hasan Iessa والقنوات والمنصات التابعة لها الموجودة على هذا الرابط: https://linktr.ee/Hasan.Iessa المصادر المذكورة في الحلقة: 1- Facts about Earth (no date) NASA. Available at: - https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/ 2- Warren, S. (no date) How the Earth and Moon formed, explained, University of Chicago News. Available at: https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/f... 3- Wacey, D. et al. (2011) ‘Microfossils of sulphur-metabolizing cells in 3.4-billion-year-old rocks of Western Australia’, Nature Geoscience, 4(10), pp. 698–702. doi:10.1038/ngeo1238. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1238 4- Neo basics. NASA. Available at: https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/life... 5- Mancini R, Nigro M, Ippolito G. Lazzaro Spallanzani e la confutazione della teoria della generazione spontanea [Lazzaro Spallanzani and his refutation of the theory of spontaneous generation]. Infez Med. 2007 Sep;15(3):199-206. Italian. PMID: 17940406. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17940... 6- Biology vs evolution. California State University. Available at: https://home.csulb.edu/~jmastrop/data... 7- Kinne-Saffran, E. and Kinne, R.K.H. (1999) ‘Vitalism and synthesis of Urea’, American Journal of Nephrology, 19(2), pp. 290–294. doi:10.1159/000013463. https://doi.org/10.1159/000013463 8- Early German physician first to synthesize urea. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Available at: https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org... 9- The Wöhler Synthesis of Urea Reactions: https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/4270... 10- Kumar, D., Steele, E.J. and Wickramasinghe, N.C. (2020) ‘Preface: The origin of life and astrobiology’, Cosmic Genetic Evolution, pp. xv–xviii. doi:10.1016/s0065-2660(20)30037-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2660(20... 11- McCollom, T.M. (2013) ‘Miller-Urey and beyond: What have we learned about prebiotic organic synthesis reactions in the past 60 years?’, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41(1), pp. 207–229. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133457. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth... 12- Powner, M.W., Gerland, B. and Sutherland, J.D. (2009) ‘Synthesis of activated pyrimidine ribonucleotides in prebiotically plausible conditions’, Nature, 459(7244), pp. 239–242. doi:10.1038/nature08013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08013 13- Ferus, M. et al. (2017) ‘Formation of nucleobases in a Miller–Urey reducing atmosphere’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(17), pp. 4306–4311. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700010114. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700010114 14- Krasnokutski, S.A. et al. (2022) ‘A pathway to peptides in space through the condensation of Atomic Carbon’, Nature Astronomy, 6(3), pp. 381–386. doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01577-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01... 15- Chapter 9: Origin of Life. University of Houston. Available at: https://uh.edu/~geos6g/1376/orginlife... 16- Alberts, B. (1970) The RNA world and the origins of life, Molecular Biology of the Cell. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 4th edition. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB... 17- Tschierske, C. and Dressel, C. (2020) ‘Mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and their impact on the development of homochirality in abiogenesis: Emerging proto-RNA as source of biochirality?’, Symmetry, 12(7), p. 1098. doi:10.3390/sym12071098. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12071098 18- Matsuo, M., Kurihara, K. Proliferating coacervate droplets as the missing link between chemistry and biology in the origins of life. Nature Communications 12, 5487 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25... 19- Koonin, E.V. and Novozhilov, A.S. (2009), Origin and evolution of the genetic code: The universal enigma. IUBMB Life, 61: 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.146