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The story of Guanine

#Guano#GUANINE#malayalam The transformation from guano to guanine is a remarkable scientific journey that spans centuries. Guano, a natural fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, was historically prized for its agricultural benefits. However, in the mid-19th century, a Swiss biochemist named Friedrich Miescher made a groundbreaking discovery while studying the chemical composition of white blood cells. In 1869, he isolated a substance from the nuclei of cells, which he named "nuclein." Decades later, in 1885, Albrecht Kossel further investigated nuclein and identified its individual components as "nucleotides." Among these nucleotides, he pinpointed the presence of guanine, along with adenine, cytosine, and thymine (which is later replaced by uracil in RNA). It wasn't until the 20th century that the true significance of guanine and other nucleotides in nucleic acids was fully understood. In the 1950s, the structure of DNA, a nucleic acid containing guanine, was unraveled by James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins. This discovery provided a groundbreaking insight into the genetic code and laid the foundation for the field of molecular biology. Today, guanine remains a fundamental component of DNA and RNA, playing a pivotal role in storing and transmitting genetic information. The journey from guano to guanine exemplifies the interconnectedness of scientific discoveries, leading to profound advancements in our understanding of life and its molecular mechanisms.