Overdose ecstasy: What can happen and how high is the risk? скачать в хорошем качестве

Overdose ecstasy: What can happen and how high is the risk?

Ecstasy is considered a feel-good drug. The small colorful pills can trigger feelings of happiness and love. However, in some users, ecstasy causes acute life-threatening conditions that can sometimes be fatal. In such cases, an overdose of the active ingredient MDMA may be the cause. Analyses show that some illegally manufactured pills contain dangerously high doses. The problem is that it is not possible to tell from the outside which substances are contained in which dosage. Even pills that look identical can have different dosages. The nature of the pill can also influence how quickly or slowly the active ingredient is released. Consumers who take another pill because they have the impression that the pill is dosed too low can thus quickly overdose. Overdoses with MDMA lead to a strong release of endogenous messenger substances that put the entire body in a state of alarm. The possible consequences are severe anxiety, seizures and rapid heartbeat up to heart failure. Above all, the body temperature can rise dangerously. At 41 degrees Celsius and above, life is in danger because metabolic processes in the body are derailed. This can result in kidney failure or even multiple organ failure. Some people are at greater risk due to genetic differences because the enzymes responsible for breaking down the drug do not work properly. This can cause toxic intermediates to accumulate in the body and cause liver failure. According to a study from Great Britain, the use of one in 33,000 pills is statistically fatal. The risk of death from ecstasy use is thus comparable to that from cocaine. Links (in german): • Topthema (Juli 2018) „Ecstasy kann tödlich sein“ https://www.drugcom.de/newsuebersicht... • Topthema (Juni 2020) „Wie Ecstasy die Leber schädigt“ https://www.drugcom.de/newsuebersicht... • News (16.6.2021) „Ecstasy kann akute Notfälle verursachen“ https://www.drugcom.de/news/ecstasy-k... • Alles über Ecstasy https://www.drugcom.de/drogen/alles-u... References: 1. Armenian, P., Mamantov, T. M., Tsutaoka, B. T., Gerona, R. R. L., Silman, E. F. & Olson, K. R. (2014). Multiple MDMA (Ecstasy) overdoses at a rave event: a case series. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 28(4), 252-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066612445982 2. Bora, F., Yilmaz, F. & Bora, T. (2016). Ecstasy (MDMA) and its effects on kidneys and their treatment: a review. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 19(11), 1151-1158. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... 3. Brunt, T., Koeter, M. W., Niesink, R. J. M. & van den Brink, W. (2011). Linking the pharmacological content of ecstasy tablets to the subjective experiences of drug users. Psychopharmacology, 220, 751-762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-25... 4. Couchman, L., Frinculescu, A., Sobreira, C. C., Shine, T., Ramsey, J., Hect, M., Kipper, K., Holt, D. W. & Johnston, A. (2019). Variability in content and dissolution profiles of MDMA tablets collected in the UK between 2001 and 2018 - a potential risk to users? Drug Testing and Analysis, https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2605. 5. Hall, A. P. & Henry, J. A. (2006). Acute toxic effects of ‘Ecstasy’ (MDMA) and relatedcompounds: overview of pathophysiology andclinical management. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 96(6), 678-685. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/ael078 6. Liechti, M. E. (2014). Effects of MDMA on body temperature in humans. Temperatur, 1(3), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014... 7. National Institute on Drug Abuse (2017). MDMA (Ecstasy) Abuse Research Report. NIDA, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publication... 8. Soo Hoo, G. W. (2014). The Agony With Ecstasy Lessons From a Recent Rave. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 28(4), 259-261. http://jic.sagepub.com/content/28/4/2... 9. Van Amsterdam, J., Pennings, E. & van den Brink, W. (2020). Fatal and non-fatal health incidents related to recreational ecstasy use. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 34(6), 591-599. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F02698811198.... 10. White, C. M. (2014). How MDMA's Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Drive Desired Effects and Harms. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 54(3), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.266. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Drugcom.de is an Internet service of the german Federal Center for Health Education (BZgA). The aim of drugcom.de is to provide information about the effects and risks of psychoactive substances based on scientifically sound information. At drugcom.de, interested parties can find a lot of information (in german) on legal and illegal drugs, as well as self-tests and the opportunity to take advantage of free and anonymous counseling.