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Russification and Ethnic Cleansing Under Stalin

The Bolsheviks were not nationalists, nor was the Soviet Union a nation-state. Yet in the 1930s massive campaigns of ethnic cleansing unfolded, followed by a Russification of the empire. The idea of nations spread as quickly as Marxism. It seemed like no one could resist the force of this idea - not even a party that ostensibly had history on its side. With a Marxist understanding of the historicity of nations and Lenin's nationalities policy the Bolsheviks thought they could control that force. In practive, however, the Bolsheviks had to adapt to keep power and suppress resistance that could take the form of nationalism, and ultimately forged an empire of nations through terror and small concessions. Main Sources: Terry Martin; "The Affirmative Action Empire - Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939"; 2001 Terry Martin; "The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing"; in: The Journal of Modern History Vol. 70, No. 4 (December 1998) THis video is part of a series:    • On the History of the Soviet Union   Timestamps: 00:00 The Toast (intro) 1:38 The Voyage (intro) 4:25 Soviet Nationalities Policy 6:09 Ethnic Cleansing 7:36 From "Class" to Ethnicity 9:21 Reform of Korenisatsiia 10:23 Russification 11:45 “Linguistic Sabotage” 14:59 The “Great Retreat” 18:03 “Friendship of the Peoples” 19:56 Father Stalin 21:14 Endless Friendship