Essentials Of Medical Anatomy: Palate , Pharynx And oesophagus скачать в хорошем качестве

Essentials Of Medical Anatomy: Palate , Pharynx And oesophagus

palate,Pharynx oesophagus. The lecture file is written on my blog site on this site: https://www.blogger.com/blog/posts/32... 1-The palate: The palate: forms the roof of the mouth, separating the nasal from the oral cavity. The anterior portion is bony and is called the hard palate, whereas the posterior portion is without bone and is called the soft palate. The palate forms the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavities. It consists of two regions, one containing a bony shelf, the immovable hard palate, and the other, a more posteriorly located, muscular, movable soft palate. Hard Palate. The hard palate composed of the palatine processes of the maxillae fused with the horizontal processes of the palatine bone. Anteriorly it is bounded by the alveolar arch and posteriorly it ends wherethe soft palate beggins. The hard palate is a bony plate composed of the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal processes of the palatine bones fused in the midline with their counterparts of the opposite side . Anteriorly and laterally, it is bounded by the alveolar arches, and posteriorly its boundary is demarcated by the beginning of the soft palate. The bone is covered by a specialized mucoperiosteum on both its oral and nasal surfaces. The posterior border of the hard palate possesses the palatine aponeurosis for attachment of the muscles of the soft palate. The oral aspect of the hard palate may be divided into several regions according to the composition of its soft tissues. Hence, the median raphe region, along the palatal midline, the anterolateral adipose region, and the posterolateral glandular region are recognized as regions of the hard palate . Soft Palate. The soft palate is a muscular structure suspended between the oral pharynx and nasal pharynx. Since it is flexible, it may be elevated to isolate the oral cavity.The soft palate is a muscular structure, encased in a mucous membrane, suspended between the oral pharynx and the nasal pharynx. Its sides are attached to the lateral pharyngeal walls. The anterior portion of the soft palate, near its junction with the hard palate, is almost immobile, whereas its posterior-most extent, the uvula, is capable of great excursion . Lateral to the uvula is the palatoglossal arch (palatoglossal fold}, containing the palatoglossal muscle, forming the anterior pillar of the oropharyngeal isthmus (fauces), extending into the side of the tongue. Arising posteriorly is the palatopharyngeal arch, containing the palatopharyngeus muscle, forming the posterior pillar of the oropharyngeal isthmus extending into the lateral pharyngeal wall. The palatine tonsils are located between the two fauces in the tonsillar sinus . Muscles of the Soft Palate. Five muscles are associated with the soft palate. These include muscles that originate outside of the soft palate proper and insert into it and other muscles that originate in the soft palate and insert into the palatal tori: Osseous protrusions, palatal tori, may be observed on the hard palate. These tori, usually bilateral, are asymptomatic, although they can interfere with fitting of maxillary dentures. They may need to be excised surgically before the taking of impressions Soft Palate. The soft palate is a movable structure and must be avoided by the posterior aspect of