Freedom Movements (1885 AD to 1947 AD) | SOCIAL SCIENCE | RMS | AISSEE | RIMC | All Competition Exam скачать в хорошем качестве

Freedom Movements (1885 AD to 1947 AD) | SOCIAL SCIENCE | RMS | AISSEE | RIMC | All Competition Exam

Freedom Movements (1885 AD – 1947 AD) The period from 1885 AD to 1947 AD marks the most important phase of the Indian Freedom Struggle, during which Indians united to end British colonial rule. This era witnessed the rise of political awareness, mass movements, and great national leaders. Beginning of the National Movement (1885) The foundation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 by A.O. Hume marked the formal beginning of the freedom movement. Early leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Surendranath Banerjee used peaceful methods such as petitions and discussions to demand reforms. Rise of Extremism (1905–1918) The Partition of Bengal (1905) by Lord Curzon led to widespread protest. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal promoted stronger methods including Swadeshi, Boycott, and National Education. The slogan “Swaraj is my birthright” became popular. Gandhian Era (1918–1947) Mahatma Gandhi transformed the freedom struggle into a mass movement based on non-violence and truth. Major movements led by Gandhiji: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), including the Dandi March Quit India Movement (1942) with the call “Do or Die” These movements involved peasants, workers, women, and students across the country. Revolutionary Activities Revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad, Subhas Chandra Bose, and groups like the Indian National Army (INA) inspired youth to fight for freedom through bold actions. Role of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906. Later, it demanded a separate nation, leading to the Partition of India. Independence and Partition (1947) After years of struggle, India finally gained Independence on 15 August 1947, but it was accompanied by the Partition of India and Pakistan, causing large-scale migration and suffering. Conclusion The freedom movements from 1885 to 1947 united Indians against British rule and laid the foundation of a democratic nation. The sacrifices of countless freedom fighters resulted in India becoming a free and sovereign country.