The Hidden Rules of Sunspots скачать в хорошем качестве

The Hidden Rules of Sunspots

This research paper presents an updated analysis of scaling laws for solar active regions using the extensive ARISE database covering nearly three decades of solar cycles. The authors demonstrate that the magnetic flux of an active region determines its area through a power law and its pole separation via a logarithmic relationship. While the tilt angle primarily follows Joy’s law based on latitude, the statistical scatter of these tilts decreases as the magnetic flux and pole separation increase. The study uniquely identifies that non-Hale regions, which defy standard polarity rules, often lack a mean tilt and may result from intense subsurface twisting of magnetic flux tubes. By analyzing these relationships, the researchers provide a mathematical recipe to improve the accuracy of solar cycle predictions and surface flux transport models. These findings suggest that the physical properties of active regions are likely shaped by deep convective processes before they ever reach the solar surface.