Circuit Elements & Diagrams | Ch 17 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS | Physics 10 | Lec 1| NBF | FBISE скачать в хорошем качестве

Circuit Elements & Diagrams | Ch 17 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS | Physics 10 | Lec 1| NBF | FBISE

Circuit Elements & Diagrams | Ch 17 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS | Physics 10 | Lecture 1 | National Book Foundation | Federal Board In this lecture, we begin *Chapter 17: Electric Circuits (Class 10 Physics, FBISE Federal Board, National Book Foundation syllabus)* by studying the concept of **Electric Current, Conventional Current, and Electrical Conduction in Metals**. 🔹 *Electric Current* Electric current is the flow of electric charge, either positive, negative, or both. In metals, current flows due to **negatively charged electrons**. In particle accelerators, current flows due to **positively charged protons**. In gases and electrolytes, current is due to the **motion of both positive and negative ions**. Mathematically, current is defined as the **time rate of flow of charge (I = ΔQ/Δt)**. The SI unit is the **ampere (A)**: one ampere equals **1 coulomb of charge passing through a cross-section per second**. Submultiples include *1 milliampere (mA = 10⁻³ A)* and **1 microampere (μA = 10⁻⁶ A)**. 🔹 *Conventional Flow of Current* Before the discovery of the electron, current was assumed to be due to the flow of positive charges from the *positive terminal to the negative terminal* of a battery. This is called **conventional current**. In reality, current in metals is due to **electrons moving from negative to positive**, but both produce the same effect. Therefore, in circuit problems we can use either conventional current or electron flow without confusion. 🔹 *Electrical Conduction in Metals* Metals like copper have *free valence electrons* that move randomly when no external source is applied. When a *battery or power supply* is connected, electrons drift in one direction under the influence of the electric field: The positive terminal **attracts electrons**, The negative terminal **repels them**, causing a steady **drift current**. This drift motion of free electrons is what we call **electrical conduction**. This lecture explains the *fundamentals of current, units of current, conventional current, and conduction in metals**, forming the base for understanding **circuit elements and diagrams* in Class 10 Physics. Highly searched terms include: Electric Current Class 10 Physics FBISE Conventional Current and Electron Flow explained Electrical Conduction in Metals Physics 10 Class 10 Physics Chapter 17 Electric Circuits Notes NBF Class 10 Physics Lecture Federal Board 📌 Hashtags #Physics10 #ElectricCurrent #ConventionalCurrent #ElectricCircuits #Class10Physics #FBISE #NBF #PhysicsLecture #ElectricalConduction Electric Current Class 10 Physics FBISE, Conventional Current vs Electron Flow explained, Electrical Conduction in Metals Class 10 Physics, Circuit Elements and Diagrams Class 10 Physics, Physics Chapter 17 Electric Circuits Lecture NBF, Ampere definition and unit Class 10 Physics, Milliampere microampere explained Physics 10, Class 10 Physics Federal Board Notes, Electric Current explanation with diagram Class 10, Current Electricity basics Class 10 Physics FBISE