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Diarrhea Explained Simple: Causes, Treatment and Red flags

Definition & Red Flags Diarrhea is defined as having loose stools more than 3 times per day. It usually resolves on its own, but see a doctor if it lasts more than 2 days in adults or more than 24 hours in children. Key Risk Groups Children and the elderly are especially vulnerable because they dehydrate faster, so always watch them closely for signs of dehydration (dry mouth, decreased urine, sunken eyes, lethargy). Common Causes Most diarrhea comes from infections (bacteria, viruses) or food intolerance. Medications like antibiotics, metformin, laxatives, or magnesium-containing antacids can also trigger diarrhea. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) IBS with diarrhea is common (around 10% of people). It often shows up after stress or certain foods and presents with abdominal pain that is relieved after passing stool. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Chronic, bloody diarrhea can point to conditions like ulcerative colitis. If you see blood in your stool, it’s best to seek medical evaluation. Foodborne & Infectious Diarrhea Viral gastroenteritis (norovirus, rotavirus) causes sudden or gradual onset diarrhea. Bacterial diarrhea often has a high fever (≥39°C/102°F) and may feature bloody or mucus-containing stool (dysentery). Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) ORS is the go-to treatment for rehydration. Pre-packaged ORS or a homemade mixture (1 liter of water + 6 teaspoons sugar + ½ teaspoon salt) helps replace fluids and electrolytes lost during diarrhea. Dietary Recommendations A light diet like the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast) is gentle on the stomach. Avoid sugary drinks, alcohol, and caffeine as they can worsen dehydration. Medications & When to Use Them Loperamide/Imodium for mild diarrhea (no high fever or bloody stools). Antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, azithromycin) for confirmed bacterial diarrhea. Metronidazole for parasites like Giardia. Vancomycin for C. difficile infections. Probiotics & Zinc Certain probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Saccharomyces boulardii) can help shorten diarrhea slightly, especially after antibiotics. Zinc supplements (especially in children) can reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea. Disclaimer: This information is provided for general knowledge and educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with your doctor for any questions or concerns you may have about your health.