BONE GRAFTS IN PERIODONTOLOGY - AUTOGRAFTS скачать в хорошем качестве

BONE GRAFTS IN PERIODONTOLOGY - AUTOGRAFTS

Periodontitis is an infectious disease that results in loss of both soft and hard supporting tissues of the tooth. The material used to regenerate or replace the lost hard tissue that is the bone is termed as bone grafts. Autogenous bone grafts are bone grafts obtained from the same individual. The bone graft that is obtained from one side it’s transplanted into another site of the same individual. The autogenous grafts are considered the gold standard of bone graft. The autogenous bone grafts are of two types. Bone from intra oral sites and bone from extra oral sites. Intra oral bone graft are taken from bone within the oral cavity that is maxilla and mandible on. Extra oral bone graft or taken from site outside the oral cavity that Is other bones of the body. Bone graft from intra oral sites. They are of four types; osseous coagulum, bone blend, cancellous bone marrow and bone swaging. Osseous coagulum It’s nothing but bone dust mixed with blood. The sources are both taken from lingual Ridge, Edentulous ridge, exostosis and bone distal to available last tooth. The Bone is scraped Using a carbide bar at speeds between 5000 and 30,000 rpm. The collected bum particles or mixed with the patient is on blood to form a workable mass and this is placed inside the defect. Though this graft is easy to obtain, the inability to procure enough material limits its usage in larger defects. Next to the bone blend. Sources are similar to osseous coagulum. The moon particles are removed from the selected site, placed inside a capsule and triturated to make it a Workable mass. This is then packed into the defect. The advantage of bone blend over osseous coagulum If that more amount of material can be obtained by this method. Next let us look at bone swaging.This is a very unique technique that requires attention to the ridge adjacent to the defect. In this technique flap is raised and Chisel is inserted into the one 3 to 4 mm away from the defect. Then with the pushing action of the chisel the bone is pushed into the defect without fracturing its base. The main disadvantage is that it requires edentulous Ridge next to a defect and it is technically difficult hence its usefulness is limited. Finally, the cancellous bone marrow transplant. These are obtained from maxillary tuberosity, Edentulous ridges or from the extraction socket. Maxillary tuberosity is a good source of cancellous bone and the bone is removed with curved rongeur. Edentulous ridges are an easy source of cancellous bone and the bone is removed with curate, back action chisel or triphine. If bone has to be obtained from an extraction socket, A healing period of 8 to 12 weeks is allowed and the site is re-entered to remove bone from the most ethical portion. Bone grafts obtained from extra oral sites: The commonest sites are tibia and iliac crests. The main advantage of obtaining graft from an extra oral site is that an adequate amount of material can be obtained. But there are numerous disadvantages like it requires a second surgical site and good surgical expertise. In addition, there are chances of post-operative infection, bone exfoliation route resorption and rapid recurrence of defect. Hence these are no longer used.