How Does Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Spread скачать в хорошем качестве

How Does Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Spread

How Does Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Spread? Professor DeBacco CannaMed23 Presentation Medicinal Genomics. (2023a, June 8). Understanding and Managing HOP latent viroid in cannabis - Zamir Punja, PhD [Video]. YouTube.    • Understanding and Managing Hop Latent Viro...   How Does HLVd Spread? Mechanical damage (ex. Trimming) Sap contact Grower is the most common vector Insect vectors still not well understood If you are trimming one and move to the next you have just inoculated (infected) the next plant. Root contact Viral load is high here Seeds Potential Routes of Transmission… Through the water Roots Growing substrate Irrigation tube Warning for DWC, Clone trays, Flood and Drian… really any operation that recirculates water. HLVd is very stable in water as it can survive for 7 days Phloem Transmitted Entry into the phloem is what allows it to move up and down the plant Xylem is mainly a roots to shoot movement It follows the sugars, and does translocate throughout the entire plant in about 6-weeks. Experiment by Zamir Punja, PhD Stem cut made Viroid inoculated at wound site 2-weeks post inoculation it can be detected in the roots Upper stem to roots 4 and 6 weeks post infection the entire plant becomes infected Experiment by Zamir Punja, PhD What is interesting is the path of infection which is based on a stem top inoculation Roots are the first point it is observed Then the other top growing tips Lastly the lower leaves/branch area show positive of HLVd Experiment by Zamir Punja, PhD Viroid travels down first to the roots (indicating the phloem transmission) and then spreads to the apical meristem followed by full plant infection. Flowering Can Increase Viroid Load The stress of flowering can increase the amount of viroid that is present in the plant. This only shows the importance of testing a plant multiple times as early in veg it could be below detectable levels. However, testing in veg is still important as if a positive is found that plant should be removed, but just because it tested negative early on following up with another test during flower would be advised. Water Transmitted This is in part how it can travel so fast through a growing operation. Plants that do not even come in contact with one another can spread the infection via water transfer contact. Any recycling of water is at risk but two common ways this can occur… Cloner transfer based only on water Flood and drain growing Infected Mothers Since the viroid is systemic to the plant cloning a plant will produce many (infected) offspring. This is why testing and retesting of mother plants is so important. All cuttings pictured tested positive for HLVd infection Seed Transmitted When the female plants are infected this can increase the odds (percentages) of the seeds infected. Most of the HLVd found on the outside of the seed coat. 10-15% infection can still be found on the inside of the seeds. If the seedling (typically cotolyedon) has any physical damage the HLVd can easily enter into the plant from the seed coat. Present in Dry Flower 40% sampled from dispensaries Also, found in male flowers Glove Transmission Survives as sap on gloves up to 5 days at room temperature Leaf Transfer Can survive up to 4-weeks so be sure to clean and remove leaves that are being trimmed. Root Tissues Very stable viroid Heating to 70C (158F) for 30min did not destroy the RNA Male Flowers? At this time there is no evidence that HLVd can be present in pollen. Link to Lecture Slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SHU0... *Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "How Does Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Spread" can be viewed at... https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R...