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Quasicrystals in the first nuclear explosion

The discovery of a heretofore unknown icosahedral quasicrystal phase created by detonation of the first nuclear device at Alamogordo, NM, on 16 July 1945 (the Trinity Test). Like all quasicrystals, the new phase violates the crystallographic symmetry rules that apply to ordinary crystals. It was found in a sample of red trinitite, a glassy material formed by the fusion of the natural sand and anthropogenic copper from transmission lines used during the test. The new quasycristal is now the oldest extant anthropogenic quasicrystal known, whose place and moment of origin are known from the historic records of the Trinity Test. The thermodynamic/shock conditions that formed it are roughly comparable to those that formed natural quasicrystals recently found in meteorites. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101350118