POLITICAL SCIENCE SERIES || IRANIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM || THE ASSEMBLY OF EXPERTS || CSS скачать в хорошем качестве

POLITICAL SCIENCE SERIES || IRANIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM || THE ASSEMBLY OF EXPERTS || CSS

The Assembly of Experts (Majles-e Khobregan) is a constitutionally mandated body in the Islamic Republic of Iran that plays a crucial role in safeguarding the ideological and religious foundations of the state. It is primarily responsible for selecting, supervising, and, if necessary, dismissing the Supreme Leader, who is the highest authority in Iran’s political system. Through this function, the Assembly of Experts acts as a key institution linking religious authority with constitutional governance. The Assembly of Experts was established under the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran adopted in 1979, and its role was further clarified after the 1989 constitutional amendments. According to Articles 107 and 111 of the Constitution, the Assembly is entrusted with the task of identifying and appointing a Faqih (Islamic jurist) who possesses the required religious knowledge, political insight, justice, and leadership qualities to serve as Supreme Leader. This makes the Assembly unique among Iran’s institutions, as it has formal authority over the most powerful position in the state. The Assembly consists of 88 members, all of whom are Islamic scholars (mujtahids). Members are elected by popular vote for an eight-year term, which gives the institution a limited democratic character. However, candidates for the Assembly must first be approved by the Guardian Council, which examines their religious qualifications and loyalty to the Islamic Republic. This vetting process significantly restricts political competition and ensures that only candidates aligned with the system’s ideological framework can contest elections. One of the most important functions of the Assembly of Experts is the supervision of the Supreme Leader’s performance. In theory, the Assembly continuously monitors whether the Supreme Leader continues to meet the constitutional qualifications required for the position. If the Leader is deemed incapable, unfit, or no longer fulfills the necessary conditions, the Assembly has the constitutional authority to dismiss him and appoint a successor. However, in practice, the Assembly has rarely exercised active oversight, and its meetings and deliberations are largely held behind closed doors. The Assembly of Experts meets at least twice a year in Tehran, and it operates through internal committees that examine political, religious, and administrative issues related to the leadership. Despite its significant constitutional powers, the Assembly generally functions in a low-profile manner and is often viewed as supportive of the Supreme Leader rather than as an independent supervisory body.