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Mansoor Ahmed Lower Extremity Anatomy Course Director - Dr. Bareither, PhD Clinical Anatomy Course Director - Dr. Manion, PhD Anatomy Lab Diener - Adam Jansen This video explains the anatomy and osteology of the tibia. A right bone is used. 1. The tibia is the medial bone of the leg. It is a long bone that consists of a proximal extremity, shaft, and distal extremity. 2. The proximal extremity contains five surfaces and two expanded eminences called condyles. a. Superior surface – tibial plateu. two concave facets, each containing a meniscus. Femoral condyles articulate with the centers of the facets. Also contains the intercondylar eminence (spine of the tibia). b. Anterior surface – tibial tuberosity, insertion of ligamentum patelle. Tubercle on the lateral condyle is Gerdy’s tubercle. c. Posterior surface – transverse groove, attachment of the semimembranosus tendon. d. Lateral surface – fibular articular facet. 3. The shaft of the tibia consists of three borders and three surfaces. a. Anterior border – tibial tuberosity to anterior border of the medial malleolus. b. Medial border – medial condyle to posterior border of the medial malleolus. c. Lateral border – fibular facet and ends by bifurcating. attachment of the interosseous membrane. d. Medial surface – tendons of gracilus, sartorious, and semitendinosus insert together as the pes anserinus. e. Lateral surface – tibialis anterior originates from the upper two thirds f. Posterior surface – soleal/popliteal line. origin of the popliteus muscle. vertical ridge. flexor digitorum longus originates medial to vertical ridge, tibialis posterior takes part of it’s origin lateral to the vertical ridge. nutrient foramen distal to the popliteal line. 4. The distal extremity of the tibia consists of five surfaces. a. Posterior surface – groove for tendon of flexor halluces longus b. Lateral surface – fibular notch. tubercle of tillaux, or Chaput and posterior malleolus, or third malleolus. c. Inferior surface – tibial plafond d. Medial malleolus – inferior projection of the medial surface 5. The medial malleolus consists of two surfaces, two borders, and an apex. a. Lateral surface – part of the ankle mortise. Continuous with tibial plafond. Covered by hyaline cartilage b. Posterior border – medial malleolar sulcus c. Apex – anterior and posterior colliculus, separated by an intercolluclar groove 6. Primary center of ossification – 6th to 7th month of fetal development in shaft 7. Secondary centers of ossification – 9th month of fetal development in proximal extremity and 1 to 1.5 years of age in distal extremity