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@LOVE MEDICS URINARY SYSTEM ANATOMY OF URINARY SYSTEM CONTENT CONTENT Introduction Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra URINARY SYSTEM The organs that remove the waste product from the blood by excreting them in the urine Maintain the water level in our body A/k/A Excretory system URINARY SYSTEM Urinary system consists of Two kidneys Two ureters Bladder Urethra KIDNEY KIDNEY It is the pair of excretory organ LOCATION -Lie on the post. abdominal wall, retroperitoneally -Each side of vertebral column -T12 – L3 vertebral level -Right is slightly below than the left Shape - Bean shaped Size 12cm X 6cm X 3cm Weight Men - 150 gm Women 135 gm. KIDNEY KIDNEY RELATIONS RT KIDNEY Superiorly Rt adrenal gland Anteriorly Rt lobe of the liver, 2nd part of the duodenum, Hepatic flexure of the colon Posteriorly Posterior abdominal wall muscles. LEFT KIDNEY Superiorly Lt adrenal gland Anteriorly Spleen, Stomach, Pancreas, Jejunum, Splenic flexure of the colon. Posteriorly Diaphragm, Posterior abdominal wall muscles. EXTERNAL FEATURES OF KIDNEY COVERINGS OF KIDNEY Each kidney is enclosed by (outer inner) Renal fascia - fibro elastic connective tissue Perirenal fat Renal capsule – fibrous connective tissue HILUM OF KIDNEY Concave medial border of the kidney Structures enter/leave through the hilum (Anterior-Posterior) Renal vein Renal artery Ureter Renal nerves &Lymphatic. INTERNAL FEATURES OF KIDNEY LAYERS OF KIDNEY CAPSULE: Outer Fibrous layer CORTEX: Reddish-brown layer of tissue consists of Renal corpuscles & convoluted tubules. MEDULLA : Innermost layer Consists of conical areas Renal pyramids separated by renal columns STRUCTURES IN KIDNEY 8-18 renal pyramids in each kidney. Apex of each pyramid Renal papilla Each papilla projects into a small depression - Minor calyx Minor calyces unite to form - Major calyx. Major calyces join to form - Renal pelvis collects urine and leads to the ureter. URETER Pair of the narrow thick-walled muscular tube which conveys the urine from kidney to bladder Location: Runs behind the peritoneum Renal hilum - posterior aspect of the bladder Size: 25 - 30 cm long & 6 mm in diameter. LAYERS OF URETER Fibrous tissue Smooth muscle Mucous layer (outer - inner) Function: Transport the urine (kidneys bladder by peristalsis ) prevent the backflow of urine (one way valve) URINARY BLADDER It is a smooth, collapsible, muscular sac It stores urine temporarily It is made up of Transitional epithelium Location: located retroperitoneally in the pelvis Just posterior to the symphysis pubis. TRIGONE Trigone: The smooth triangular region of the bladder base outlined by these three openings is called the trigone, DETRUSOR MUSCLE The bladder wall contains 3 layers of smooth muscle Detrusor muscle, Its mucosa is a special type of epithelium transitional epithelium. URINARY BLADDER Function: Reservior of urine. URETHRA It is a thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis from the bladder the outside of the body. URETHRAL SPHINCTER Internal urethral sphincter : Involuntary sphincter(smooth muscle) At the bladder-urethral junction, keeps the urethra closed when the urine is not being passed. External urethral sphincter : Voluntary sphincter (skeletal muscle) At pelvic floor and voluntarily controlled. FEMALE-URETHRA Female urethra is about 3 to 4 cm long, Its external orifice lies anteriorly to the vaginal opening. MALE-URETHRA The urethra 20 cm long It has 3 regions: Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy (penile) urethra It opens at the tip of the penis THANKS FOR WATCHING #lovemedics #tamilmedico #tamilchannel #nephrology #urology #dialysis #renal #kidney #ureter #urethra #urinary bladder #femaleurethra #maleurethra #urinarysystem #excretotysystem #waterbalance #questiontime #uti #pyelonephritis