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Mapping Global Shipless Areas and Conflict Zones between Shipping and Marine Biodiversity

The growth of global maritime traffic poses increasing threats to marine biodiversity including vessel collisions, disturbance, and pollution. Protecting areas with minimal shipping activity (shipless areas) and identifying high-risk conflict zones between biodiversity and vessel traffic is crucial for conservation and mitigation efforts. However, a comprehensive assessment of these threats and solutions has yet to be conducted. This study presents a global assessment of shipless areas and examines the overlap between shipping density and key marine taxa: cetaceans, sea turtles, pinnipeds, and seabirds. We identify regions where high biodiversity intersects with low and intense vessel activity, designating them as priority preservation and priority mitigation areas, respectively, corresponding to low and high conflict zones. Additionally, we evaluate the extent to which Marine Protected Areas, Exclusive Economic Zones, and High Seas encompass these shipless areas and conflict zones. Our findings reveal that shipless areas are restricted to the polar and remote oceanic regions. Priority Preservation Areas are mostly in the southern hemisphere, in high-latitude, while Priority Mitigation Areas are distributed along the coast, in the mid-Pacific Ocean, south Indian Ocean and South Atlantic (west of Africa). This study highlights the urgent need to maintain low-conflict zones with minimal shipping activity and to implement targeted mitigation strategies in high-conflict zones, such as traffic rerouting, speed reductions, and enhanced protection measures. By providing a comprehensive spatial and taxonomic framework, our research supports global efforts to balance maritime trade with marine biodiversity conservation, aligning with initiatives like the 30x30 global biodiversity target. Mestre, F.; D'Amico, M.; Bastazini, V.A.G.; Assis, J.; Jacinto, D.; Marçalo, A.; & Ascensão, F., Mapping Global Shipless Areas and Conflict Zones between Shipping and Marine Biodiversity. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5151810 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5151810