Parkinson's Disease||Pathology||BAMS||Bams Morden Disease||Causes||Symptoms||Rognidan||RapidRevision скачать в хорошем качестве

Parkinson's Disease||Pathology||BAMS||Bams Morden Disease||Causes||Symptoms||Rognidan||RapidRevision

Parkinson’s disease is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, caused by a loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. Key symptoms include resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowed movement), and balance issues . While no cure exists, medications like levodopa, physical therapy, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) help manage symptoms . Early Signs and Symptoms Symptoms often start gradually on one side of the body.  Tremor: A rhythmic shaking, often in the hand ("pill-rolling" motion), usually at rest. Bradykinesia: Extreme slowness of movement and difficulty initiating movement. Rigidity: Stiffness of limbs, neck, or trunk. Postural Instability: Poor balance, leading to increased risk of falls. Other Symptoms: Small handwriting (micrographia), reduced facial expression (masked face), soft voice, swallowing issues, loss of smell, and constipation.  Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause is unknown, but it is linked to the loss of neurons that produce dopamine.  Age: Usually develops around age 60, though early-onset can occur. Genetics: Specific genetic mutations (e.g., LRRK2, PARK7) can cause it, particularly in families with a history of the disease. Environment: Potential risks include exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and solvents.  Progression and Impact Stages: Parkinson's is chronic and worsens over time, starting with mild symptoms and progressing to significant disability. Daily Life: Motor symptoms can make daily tasks like dressing or walking challenging. Non-Motor Symptoms: Many experience depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, or, in advanced stages, dementia. Life Expectancy: With proper, early treatment, many individuals maintain a normal or near-normal life expectancy.  Management and Treatment Medication: Levadopa and other drugs to boost dopamine levels. Therapies: Physical, occupational, and speech therapy to improve mobility and communication. Lifestyle: Regular, intense exercise may help slow functional decline. Surgery: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) may be used for severe cases.