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Colonoscopy procedure

‪@RNnursingstation‬ Colonoscopy – In Detail A colonoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum) using a flexible, tube-like instrument called a colonoscope. --- ✅ Purpose of Colonoscopy Screening for colorectal cancer Investigating symptoms like: Rectal bleeding Chronic diarrhea or constipation Abdominal pain Unexplained weight loss Diagnosis and monitoring of: Inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn’s, Ulcerative Colitis) Colon polyps Diverticulosis Therapeutic uses: Removing polyps (polypectomy) Controlling bleeding Taking biopsies Dilating strictures --- 🩺 Preparation (Bowel Prep) To ensure a clear view, the bowel must be completely empty: Dietary restrictions: Clear liquids 24 hours before the procedure Laxatives: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) or other prescribed agents Enemas (sometimes used in combination) Procedure Setting: Usually done in a hospital or clinic under sedation or anesthesia Steps: 1. Patient lies on their left side with knees drawn up 2. Colonoscope is inserted through the anus and gently advanced 3. Air or CO₂ is insufflated to expand the colon for better visibility 4. Camera on the colonoscope sends real-time images to a monitor 5. Biopsies or polyp removal may be done if necessary ⏱️ Duration: Usually 20–60 minutes --- ⚠️ Post-Procedure Care Patient monitored until sedation wears off Mild bloating, cramping, or gas is normal Resume normal diet unless advised otherwise Rest for the day; avoid driving --- ❗ Risks and Complications Rare, but possible: Bleeding (especially after polyp removal) Perforation (tear in colon wall) Reaction to sedatives Infection Abdominal pain or discomfort --- 🔍 Colonoscopy vs Sigmoidoscopy Feature Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Examines Entire colon (rectum to cecum) Lower colon (rectum + sigmoid) Sedation Usually required May not be needed Duration Longer (30–60 min) Shorter (10–20 min) --- 📆 Screening Recommendations Average risk adults: Start at age 45, repeat every 10 years if normal High risk individuals (family history, IBD, genetic syndromes): Start earlier and screen more frequently