SYNDROMES OF LOWER CRANIAL NERVES //SKULLBASE LESIONS скачать в хорошем качестве

SYNDROMES OF LOWER CRANIAL NERVES //SKULLBASE LESIONS

The lower cranial nerves—IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory), and XII (hypoglossal)—play vital roles in swallowing, speech, and neck movement. Damage to these nerves at the skull base can lead to specific clinical syndromes. Today, let’s explore three key syndromes: Collet-Sicard syndrome, Vernet syndrome, and Villaret’s syndrome.” “First, we have Collet-Sicard syndrome, which affects cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII. This leads to dysphagia, hoarseness, weakness in the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and tongue deviation.” Common Causes: • Skull base metastasis (from breast, prostate, renal, or lung cancer) • Jugular foramen neuroma • Carotid artery dissection “Next is Vernet syndrome, also called jugular foramen syndrome, involving cranial nerves IX, X, and XI. Patients experience difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and shoulder weakness due to accessory nerve involvement.” Common Causes: • Osteolytic metastasis of the petrous pyramid • Skull base fractures “Lastly, we have Villaret’s syndrome, which affects cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII, but with a key additional feature—ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome. This presents as ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis, alongside lower cranial nerve palsies.” Common Causes: • Paragangliomas • Carotid artery dissection • Skull base metastases “Understanding these syndromes is crucial for diagnosing skull base pathologies. Early identification can lead to better management and outcomes. If you found this information useful, stay tuned for more medical insights!” #science #ear #biology #ent #nose #anatomy #nosebleed #otolaryngology #throathealth #tonsils