Ectopic Pregnancy Summarized For HCPs(Risk factors - Clinical Presentation - Diagnosis - Management) скачать в хорошем качестве

Ectopic Pregnancy Summarized For HCPs(Risk factors - Clinical Presentation - Diagnosis - Management)

An ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of a pregnancy in a site other than the endometrial lining of the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include: Previous ectopic pregnancy Previous tubal or pelvic surgery Pelvic inflammatory disease or sexually transmitted infections Assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF Cigarette smoking Pregnancy is much less likely to occur with IUD or tubal sterilization. However, if the patient becomes pregnant, there is an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Clinical presentation: Ectopic pregnancy should be suspected in female patients of reproductive age presenting with: Amenorrhea Abdominal pain Vaginal bleeding Lower back pain Shoulder pain Hypovolemic shock Diagnosis: A positive pregnancy test with suspected ectopic pregnancy requires further investigations such as: Transvaginal ultrasound is the diagnostic tool of choice; however, transabdominal ultrasound and MRI are available options in some cases. Serial beta-hCG monitoring could be used in pregnancies of unknown location, with consideration given to repeating a transvaginal ultrasound scan or laparoscopy. Management options include: Expectant management with close monitoring. Medical management with methotrexate in stable patients who fit the criteria. Laparoscopic or open surgery with salpingectomy or salpingotomy, depending on each case.