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e e l s

The longfin eel Anguilla mossambica, one of four species of eel that utilize rivers draining the east and south-east coasts of Africa, spends most of its life hidden from view of humans. Whether feeding at the bottom of deep dark freshwater pools, slithering silently up and down rivers at night or spawning secretly at some unknown location somewhere out in the vastness of the Indian Ocean, the chances of seeing a longfin eel in the wild are slim. Over the past few decades there has been growing concern among scientists that eel numbers are plummeting the world over. The main threats to eels include changes in oceanic currents resulting from climate change, chemical and physical pollution of rivers and oceans, overharvesting, habitat loss resulting from water abstraction in rivers and man-made barriers to migration such as reservoirs and river diversions. Eels rely on rivers as migration corridors between spawning and feeding grounds (they are catadromous meaning that they spawn at sea and feed in fresh water) and without healthy rivers it will not be possible for eels to complete their life cycle. Consequently the degraded state of many of east and south-east Africa's river systems is a serious cause for concern. Eels are unlike other migratory fish in that they can spend up to a decade or more in a single river pool before travelling back to the ocean to spawn. This feature of their life cycle could make it difficult to detect critical deciles in eel numbers until it is too late. Furthermore, there is a serious lack of knowledge regarding eel biology, with a case in point being our inability to locate and monitor their spawning grounds at sea. Their complex and mysterious life cycles render eels especially difficult animals to conserve and manage and there is an urgent need to increase eel-related research, awareness and education. E e l s was shot in the upper Breede River catchment in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, and aims to raise the profile of African eels in both the public and scientific arenas. I was interested to see what type of challenges an eel might face when making its way upriver in search of foraging sites, and found signs that obstacles to eel migrations are plentiful and severe, and will no doubt intensify in forthcoming decades. Eels are fragile, misunderstood creatures and without our help we may lose our eels before we even understand them. For more information on anguillid eels visit: iucnffsg.org/about-ffsg-2/anguillid-specialist-sub-group/ Music in the film by Alan Jackson & Bon Iver