From Wootz to Ruins: The Slow Death of India’s Sword-Steel скачать в хорошем качестве

From Wootz to Ruins: The Slow Death of India’s Sword-Steel

For nearly two millennia, Indian metallurgists produced wootz—a high-carbon crucible steel made in sealed crucibles—across a wide belt of southern India and exported ingots in massive quantities to West Asia, where master swordsmiths forged the famed watered patterns associated with “Damascus” blades. But the technology’s survival depended on a fragile chain: specific ore chemistry, tightly guarded heat-treatment know-how, stable patronage, and thriving weapons markets. As firearms changed warfare, as artisanal ecosystems weakened, and as colonial-era disarmament accelerated the removal and destruction of weapons after 1857, the living tradition collapsed—leaving behind legends, museum blades, and scientific debates about what exactly made wootz extraordinary. We also look at modern archaeometallurgical evidence—from production centers like Konasamudram—showing standardized ingots and industrial-scale practice, proving this was not folklore but a mature materials technology. #WootzSteel #CrucibleSteel #IndianHistory #Metallurgy #DamascusSteel #HistoryOfTechnology #AncientIndia #Archaeometallurgy #LostTechnology #ColonialHistory #IndianHeritage #SwordHistory #MaterialsScience #Deindustrialization #CraftTraditions 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦: 1. https://www.inae.in/pdf/India's-Legen... 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wootz_s... 3. https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltex... 4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science... 5. https://indianculture.gov.in/digital-... 6. https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attach... 7. https://godajijagtapmusem.com/history... 8. https://www.ndtv.com/feature/why-qutu... 9. https://x.com/GemsOfINDOLOGY/status/2... 𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 to our 𝗣𝗚𝘂𝗿𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 - http://ow.ly/SsJV50OEVjq 𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 this channel to get access to perks:    / @pgurus1   Now get regular updates on 𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩𝙨𝘼𝙥𝙥, 𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙪𝙨 𝙤𝙣 +12342559123, and we will add you to 1 of the 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙥𝙨 Do Join our 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁𝘀𝗔𝗽𝗽 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹𝘀 for Regular Updates - https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9i... 𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗞𝗦: Sree Iyer's 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘆 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 Book 4 - 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗻, 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘆 𝗢𝘂𝘁 can be bought from: 1. SreeIyer.com website - https://sreeiyer.com/books/Paper-In-M... 2. Sree Iyer App IOS and 3. Amazon.in - https://www.amazon.in/dp/1736533231 𝗠𝗬𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗬 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗦 Book 1 𝑾𝒉𝒐 𝑲𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝑺𝑹? Paperback is available at - https://amzn.to/3H4jfmF 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗬 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗦: Book 1 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝘆 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘆 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲? is available at - https://amzn.to/3hGXai1 Book 2 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝘆 𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗱? is available at - https://amzn.to/2JUaNfR Book 3 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝘆 𝗳𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁? Book 3 in Money Series is now available at - https://amzn.to/3fTmgZY Book 4 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝘆 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘆 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲? Hindi version - https://amzn.to/3nRpQrX 𝗣𝗔𝗫 𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗔 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗦: Pax Americana Series Book 1 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝘆 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗽𝘂𝗿𝗽𝗹𝗲? - https://amzn.to/3qVpYsn 𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗞𝗦: Download 𝗣𝗚𝘂𝗿𝘂𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗱 app - https://bit.ly/3hCRYvu Download 𝗣𝗚𝘂𝗿𝘂𝘀 𝗶𝗢𝗦 app - https://apps.apple.com/in/app/pgurus/... 𝗗𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗘 to PGurus - paypal.me/pgurus 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗨𝗦: 𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 to our channel - https://bit.ly/2CNevl8 𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 to our 𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸𝘂𝗽 channel - https://bit.ly/3nGmTew Like us on 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 -   / pgurus1   Tweet us on 𝗧𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 -   / pgurus1   Follow us on 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 -   / pgurus1   Follow us on 𝗞𝗼𝗼 - https://www.kooapp.com/profile/pgurus1 Join the 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 channel to get the latest from PGurus - https://t.me/pgurus1 Now you can also listen to 𝗣𝗚𝘂𝗿𝘂𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 - https://apple.co/39a1sKl 𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗴𝗹𝗲 - https://bit.ly/2Xzk04r 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 - https://spoti.fi/3AmcckD 𝗚𝗮𝗮𝗻𝗮 - https://bit.ly/3ogAFEK 𝗝𝗶𝗼 𝗦𝗮𝗮𝘃𝗻 - https://bit.ly/3COeEBi 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗿 - https://bit.ly/3hFfurV 𝗣𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀 - https://pca.st/1y0f1tvy 𝗥𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 - https://bit.ly/39d2DbR 𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥 𝗨𝗦𝗘 𝗡𝗢𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗘: This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. This constitutes a ‘fair use’ of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 U.S.C. section 106A-117 of the US Copyright Law. All the videos, songs, images, and graphics used in the video belong to their respective owners and I or this channel does not claim any right over them. The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of PGurus.