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Types of Butterfly and Identification Part 2 4K Orange Sulphur (Colias eurytheme) The orange sulfur and the clouded sulfur (both members of the "clouded yellows and sulphurs" subfamily Coliadinae) can be hard to tell apart, and often fly together, so I put them together here. They are among the first butterflies to appear each spring, and they seem to have adapted very well to the disturbances humans cause in the landscape. Look out over the close-cut monoculture of a golf course or city park grounds and you'll probably see a few of these very common butterflies dancing across the grass. Clouded Sulphur (Colias philodice) This butterfly can be difficult to tell apart from the previous one. The basic facts are all the same, and the larvae are basically indistinguishable, except to an expert. There are some differences in the colors and black wing margins, but even these characteristics are variable between individuals and between regions. Southern Dogface (Colias cesonia) Usually only found in the South, this butterfly may be expected farther north as climate change alters the distribution of some species. This is a large, showy, and fast-flying butterfly that likes open fields and bright sunshine. They are legendarily difficult to catch. Note the "dog face" profile in black on each upper wing that gives this butterfly its cool common name. I remember a field in Texas swarming with these butterflies; their speed and agility is impressive. Zebra Longwing (Heliconius charithonia) This beautiful butterfly is essentially tropical, with a range that extends into South America. In the US, it can be found in Florida and the southern states into Texas; there are occasional migrations that bring these butterflies even farther north. Adults roost together at night in groups of over 50 individuals, dispersing in the morning to nectar at a variety of plants and—unusual for butterflies—consume pollen from flowers. The caterpillars are white with black spines and feed on passionflower vines, whose toxic sap gives them chemical protection from predators. Northern Pearly-Eye (Enodia anthedon) This subtly beautiful butterfly is best identified by the area in which it is found: the woods. It is relatively unusual to find large butterflies flying in woods or forests, and if the insect is pale brown, has round "eye spots" bordering the wings, and tends to land vertically on tree trunks, then there is a good chance it is a pearly eye or one of its close relatives. Common Wood Nymph (Cercyonis pegala) This is one of the most variable butterflies in the US. It occurs nearly everywhere in the US east of the Mississippi, but you could hold two specimens from different parts of its range in your hands and not think they were even related. Eastern populations tend to have bright yellow bands behind big, round eye-spots on the upper wings, while western forms may have no yellow at all, very small eyespots, and be nearly twice as big. California Sister (Adelpha californica) A truly gorgeous butterfly, the California sister is big, fast, and hard to miss. It stops often to feed on roadkill or drink from puddles, flashing those big, beautiful markings when it does. Milbert's Tortoiseshell (Aglais milberti) I almost didn't include the species, because it's not terribly common and is hard to identify on the wing—and with its constant patrolling behavior, it's almost always on the wing—but when a Milbert's tortoiseshell butterfly stops to drink from a puddle or a flower, it shows its wings, and for my money there's not a more beautiful butterfly in North America. Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta) The red admiral is yet another butterfly that some entomologists think is a mimic of the monarch, though the monarch is bigger, brighter, and has different flight habits. Is it possible that we are witnessing a species in the process of changing to become a more accurate mimic? The Buckeye (Junonia coenia) Isn't this a gorgeous insect? It's a shame that it flies so fast, giving the average observer little chance to appreciate its beauty. The buckeye occurs throughout eastern North America, where its larvae feed on nettles. The butterfly likes to circle the same area and land in the same general spot, and you will most often see them on dusty gravel roads, where their brown ground color blends in surprisingly well. The big eyespots resemble a bird's or a lizard's, so when they snap their wings open, their predators may be scared off. #butterfly #butterflies #butterflyidentification