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DNA doesn’t “do", it instructs. In this episode of the Jack Westin MCAT Podcast, Mike and Molly walk through the central dogma, how we go from DNA → RNA → protein—and the regulation that makes different cells, well, different. Perfect for MCAT Bio/Biochem: we hit transcription, RNA processing, translation mechanics (A–P–E sites), start/stop codons, eukaryote vs. prokaryote differences, and multi-layered gene expression regulation (chromatin, transcription factors, miRNA/siRNA, ubiquitin, & more). 🔑 What you’ll learn Central dogma overview (DNA → RNA → protein) Transcription: promoter, template vs. coding strand, initiation/elongation/termination Eukaryotic RNA processing: 5′ cap, splicing (introns vs. exons, alternative splicing), poly-A tail Translation: AUG start (Met), codons/anticodons, tRNA charging, ribosome A–P–E sites, stop codons (UAA/UAG/UGA) Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes: 40/60/80S vs. 30/50/70S ribosomes, coupled transcription–translation, operons (lac/trp) Regulation: heterochromatin vs. euchromatin, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, transcription factors, miRNA/siRNA silencing, post-translational mods (ubiquitin, phosphorylation) 00:00 Intro & last episode recap (Mendelian inheritance) 01:15 Central Dogma: why DNA is a blueprint, not the product 03:40 DNA basics: anti-parallel double helix, histones 06:25 Transcription (initiation → elongation → termination) 12:30 Eukaryotic RNA processing: 5′ cap, splicing, poly-A tail 18:40 Translation setup: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome subunits 22:10 Reading frames, AUG start, A–P–E sites in action 28:35 Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) & peptide release 31:10 Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes: 70S vs. 80S, coupling, operons 36:20 Gene expression regulation: chromatin state, acetylation/methylation 41:10 Transcription factors & promoter control; lac/trp operons 45:40 Post-transcriptional & post-translational control (miRNA, ubiquitin) 49:10 MCAT strategy tips & common traps 51:00 Next episode teaser: replication, cell cycle, mutations & cancer Want to learn more? Shoot us a text at 415-855-4435 or email us at [email protected]! 📱 📌 Free Academic Advising: https://calendly.com/academic-advisin... 💻 Try our Chrome Extension (video solutions to every AAMC passage) https://tinyurl.com/4jw5pad8 📚 Free Resources: https://jackwestin.com?utm_source=you... 🎓 Live Education Sessions: https://jackwestin.com/sessions?utm_s... 👨🏻🏫 Courses: https://jackwestin.com/courses?utm_so... 🙋 Tutoring: https://jackwestin.com/services/live-... 📸 Follow Us On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jackwestinm... 👥 Join our Facebook Study Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/freem...