Breast Carcinoma Surgery | Conservative Surgery скачать в хорошем качестве

Breast Carcinoma Surgery | Conservative Surgery

Discover a comprehensive breast carcinoma surgery Lecture, showcasing the step-by-step process from introduction to breast reconstruction. Learn more about its histopathology, diagnosis, and surgical management techniques, including mastectomy, conservative surgery, and sentinel node biopsy. Breast carcinoma, also known as breast cancer, is a malignant tumor that develops in the breast tissue. It occurs when the cells in the breast start to grow uncontrollably, forming a mass or lump. Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer among women worldwide, but it can also affect men. ▬ 📌 Breast Cancer Carcinoma Breast cancer carcinoma is the abnormal growth of breast tissue cells, resulting in malignant tumors. Aetiological factors contributing to breast cancer development include genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2), hormonal factors, reproductive history, lifestyle factors, and environmental exposures. 👉 Foote and Stewart Classification of Invasive Carcinoma Foote and Stewart's classification of invasive breast carcinoma is based on histopathological features. Common types include: 📍Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) 📍Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) 📍Inflammatory breast carcinoma 📍Mucinous carcinoma 📍Tubular carcinoma ▬ 📌 Surgical Management of Breast Cancer Two main types of surgery for breast cancer are conservative breast surgery and mastectomy. 👉 Conservative Breast Surgery Lumpectomy: Removal of the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue Quadrantectomy: Removal of a quarter of the breast Partial mastectomy: Removal of the cancerous part of the breast along with some surrounding tissue Segmental mastectomy: Removal of the cancerous part of the breast and some of the breast tissue around the tumor. 👉 Mastectomy Simple or total mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast Modified radical mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast and some lymph nodes. Radical mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast, lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles 👉 Lymph Node Surgery Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB): Removal of the first lymph node(s) to which the cancer is likely to spread. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND): Removal of a larger number of lymph nodes from the axilla. ▬ 📌 Diagnosis Based on Clinical Features and Triple Assessment Clinical features include breast lumps, nipple discharge, skin changes, and pain. The triple assessment technique comprises: 🔹Clinical examination 🔹Imaging 🔹Biopsy 👉 Imaging Techniques Mammography: X-ray imaging to detect breast tissue abnormalities Ultrasonography: High-frequency sound waves to create images of breast tissue MRI: Magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of breast tissue. Imaging techniques provide information about tumor size, location, shape, and potential spread to other areas. ▬ 📌 Other Diagnostic Procedures Biopsy: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC): Sampling of cells using a thin needle. Core Needle Biopsy (CNB): Sampling of tissue using a larger needle. Excisional Biopsy: Removal of the entire lump or suspicious tissue. Biomarkers: 🔸Estrogen Receptor (ER) status 🔸Progesterone Receptor (PR) status 🔸Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status ▬ 📌 Management of Invasive Cancer at Different Stages Treatment depends on the cancer stage and may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy. Radiotherapy Management ✦ Post-lumpectomy: Whole-breast radiotherapy or partial breast irradiation ✦ Post-mastectomy: Chest wall radiotherapy ✦ Post-sentinel node biopsy: Regional nodal irradiation, if indicated ▬ 📌 Breast Reconstruction Breast reconstruction can be immediate or delayed, and options include: Implant-based reconstruction: Silicone or saline implants Autologous tissue reconstruction: Using the patient's tissue from another body part. Nipple and areola reconstruction: Surgical procedure performed to recreate the nipple and areola on a reconstructed breast. ▬ 🎬 5500+ sqadia.com Medical Videos ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 👩🏻‍⚕️ Accessible Medical Student Education 24/7/365 💡 Simplifying Medical Learning 💪 Study Hard, Dream Big, Achieve More