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Stratification of acid in Lead battery. Sulphation of bottom part of plates. Two Recent remedies

STRATIFICATION of acid or formation of gradually increasing density of acid from top layers to bottom layers in Lead -acid cells. Stratification of acid starts from the first discharge and is recognised as a silent killer of batteries. This is a major cause of the failure of the battery. The bottom layer of acid with higher density shows a high voltage and the top layer has a low voltage. The build-up of the sulphate begins from the first discharge and continues with further cycling. The difference in voltages between the top and bottom acid layers in a cell creates a “ CONCENTRATION CELL”. This causes a discharge. More sulphate is formed in the lower half of the cell. The capacity of the battery decreases. A false indication of high voltage gives the impression that the battery is fully charged; while, In fact, the battery is already partially discharged LIFE OF THE BATTERY IS SEVERELY COMPROMISED. Stratification is known for decades, but there has not been a remedy to control stratification. However, 2 remedies have been invented in the recent past. GASSING CHARGE is used routinely to mix the acid periodically in many installations. It is a scheduled operation in Electricity boards and Rural telephone exchanges. It is effective; mixes acid thoroughly. The cell voltages are equalised. The life of the Battery is enhanced. However, a gassing Charge is possible only in some cases. Many installations do not have the facility to carry out gassing charge. For example, the inverter battery used in many households has voltage settings below 14.4 V. On cutting open such batteries, sulphation of the lower part of the plate is clearly seen. Two recent remedies to control Stratification are 1) USE OF A PASSIVE PLASTIC MIXING DEVICE in every cell in batteries used in all Road vehicles. The device has an inverted L shape with channels to move acid during acceleration and deceleration. The acid is pumped up during acceleration and flows down during deceleration. The device is cheap, costing about ₹ 2per piece. I strongly urge that the device is used in all SLI and Road vehicle batteries 2) USE OF A NEW PASTE ADDITIVE by Hammond Group-Lead Silicate – brand name GRAVITY GUARD at 2% level. It simulates a gel Battery where acid is totally immobilised. The mode of action of the lead silicate is to simulate a gel-filled VRLA battery. Gravityguard reduces stratification by 80 %. Longer life is obtained in inverter batteries and all stationary batteries where there is no facility for Gassing Charge.