Sec.1 | Physical Factors and their Effect on the Atmosphere | Unit 2 - Lesson 3 | Integrated Science скачать в хорошем качестве

Sec.1 | Physical Factors and their Effect on the Atmosphere | Unit 2 - Lesson 3 | Integrated Science

شرح علوم متكاملة لغات الصف الاول الثانوي لغات - الفصل الدراسي الأول شرح علوم متكاملة اولي ثانوي لغات - ترم أول Integrated Sciences for Grade 10 (First Year of Secondary School) - First Semester لينك تحميل الملزمة https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p3Wk... لينك تليجرام https://t.me/mrahmedelbashagroup in this Lesson: The atmosphere is a dynamic system in which several physical factors interact to influence the weather and climate. Physical factors and their effect on the atmosphere First: Heat The changes in temperature affect atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, condensation, and rainfall. Measuring air temperature Meteorological agencies periodically measure the air temperature and compare it to: ❶ Air temperatures in other regions. ❷ Historical temperatures recorded for previous years in the same region and climatic season.  ❶ Conduction It is the transfer of heat in a solid object or between two objects in direct contact with each other. In conduction, heat is transferred from the molecules (particles) of higher average kinetic energy (higher temperature) to the adjacent molecules (particles) of lower average kinetic energy (lower temperature), without the transfer of these particles (molecules) themselves. ❷ Convection It is the transfer of heat through fluids (liquids and gases) with the movements of fluid parts up and down which are called the convection currents due to the movement of the fluid itself where the transfer of heat is always upwards. Heat transfer by convection can be illustrated as follows: ❸ Radiation It is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Thermal radiation propagates in all directions without the need for a material medium so that it can propagate through vacuum, as well as through gases. Adaptation of living organisms to natural changes in temperature: ❶ The adaptation to freezing Some living organisms adapt to severe low temperatures of the environment where they live, for example: ❷ The adaptation to high temperatures Some living organisms adapt to severe high temperatures, such as desert lizards that live in extremely hot environments like deserts where temperatures can reach dangerously high levels that may be uninhabitable for many other organisms , for example: Second: Atmospheric pressure (Air pressure) The atmosphere remains attracted to the Earth's surface due to the force of gravity, which pulls air particles downward. Most of atmosphere's mass is concentrated in the layer close to the earth's surface up to an altitude of 30 km so that the amount and density of air decrease in the upper layers, which is why breathing at high altitudes in more difficult. We have previously mentioned that the atmospheric pressure is the result of the weight of the air column extending from a given point to the top of the atmosphere, affecting a unit area around that point, and also the atmospheric pressure varies from one point to another in the atmosphere as the height of the air column above the point changes. Weather maps On weather maps, areas of high and low pressure are visualized by drawing lines that connect all points of equal atmospheric pressure where these lines are called isobars. The standard (normal) atmospheric pressure It is the weight of an air column with a unit cross-sectional area extending from the sea level at 0°C to the top of the atmosphere. The standard (normal) atmospheric pressure It is the air pressure, at sea level at 0°C, which is equivalent to the pressure of a mercury column of height 0.76 m Atmospheric pressure and living organisms As ascending higher above sea level in the atmosphere, air pressure decreases, in high-altitude areas such as at the mountain peaks, where: The air pressure decreases with decreasing the levels of oxygen available for breathing, the lack of oxygen puts stress on the body, Blood It is a specialized connective tissue that consists of intercellular substance called plasma in which the blood cells are suspended. Blood pressure It is the force exerted by blood during its circulation on the unit area of the blood vessels walls. Wind It is the motion of air from the areas of high atmospheric pressure to the areas of low atmospheric pressure. Fourth: Humidity Humidity is the amount (mass) of water vapor in a unit volume of air. The air becomes saturated with water vapor when a certain volume of it contains the maximum amount of water vapor it can hold at given temperature and pressure. The percentage of humidity in air is measured by the hygrometer.   بالتوفيق مستر احمد الباشا